{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163376774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.03912","title":"Sparse Activation for Sustainable Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks: Less is More","display_name":"Sparse Activation for Sustainable Cell-Free Massive MIMO Networks: Less is More","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163376774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.03912"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.03912","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.03912","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.03912","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137769583","display_name":"Zhe Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9129-4125"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Zhe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137760930","display_name":"Shuaifei Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Shuaifei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137714684","display_name":"Emil Bj\u00f6rnson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bj\u00f6rnson, Emil","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9401999711990356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9401999711990356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.01850000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.011900000274181366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.6226000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5346999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.4943999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.48410001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rician-fading","display_name":"Rician fading","score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.3752000033855438}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.6226000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5580999851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5346999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5142999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.4943999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.48410001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60472773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331156","display_name":"Rician fading","level":4,"score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.3752000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205203396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612143","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","level":2,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118993495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042828","display_name":"Electrical efficiency","level":3,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111110010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2627315","display_name":"Convex combination","level":4,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75755367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104531076","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","level":3,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94022561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172393","display_name":"Goodput","level":4,"score":0.25119999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124851039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665459","display_name":"Compressed sensing","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.03912","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.03912","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.03912","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.03912","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6488306522369385}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Motivated":[0],"by":[1,136],"the":[2,12,53,61,118,126,155,164,170,175],"vision":[3],"of":[4,55,172],"making":[5],"sixth-generation":[6],"(6G)":[7],"networks":[8],"sustainable,":[9],"we":[10,78],"study":[11],"sparse":[13,80,177],"antenna/array":[14],"activation":[15,82,95,178],"problems":[16,113],"in":[17,37],"uplink":[18],"cell-free":[19],"massive":[20],"multiple-input":[21],"multiple-output":[22],"(CF":[23],"mMIMO)":[24],"networks.":[25],"We":[26],"first":[27],"develop":[28],"an":[29],"antenna-level":[30,100],"optimal":[31],"bilinear":[32],"equalizer":[33],"(OBE)":[34],"weighting":[35,157],"framework,":[36],"which":[38],"each":[39,103],"access":[40],"point-user":[41],"equipment":[42],"(AP-UE)":[43],"pair":[44],"is":[45],"assigned":[46],"a":[47,137,148],"matrix-valued":[48],"long-term":[49],"weight":[50],"to":[51,71],"shape":[52],"contribution":[54],"individual":[56],"antenna":[57,81],"elements,":[58],"thereby":[59],"generalizing":[60],"conventional":[62],"large-scale":[63],"fading":[64],"decoding":[65],"(LSFD)":[66],"strategy":[67],"from":[68],"scalar":[69],"coefficients":[70],"antenna-element-aware":[72],"weighting.":[73],"Building":[74],"on":[75],"this":[76],"structure,":[77],"formulate":[79],"as":[83],"structured":[84],"sparsity-inducing":[85],"mean":[86],"square":[87],"error":[88],"(MSE)":[89],"minimization":[90],"problems,":[91],"and":[92,101,106,134,147,186],"design":[93],"four":[94],"schemes":[96,128,179],"at":[97],"two":[98],"granularities:":[99],"array-level,":[102],"with":[104,121,166,169,189],"UE-specific":[105],"network-wide":[107,127],"(all-UEs)":[108],"variants.":[109],"The":[110],"resulting":[111],"convex":[112],"are":[114,129],"solved":[115],"efficiently":[116],"via":[117],"proximal":[119,139],"method":[120],"closed-form":[122],"group-wise":[123],"updates,":[124],"while":[125],"modeled":[130],"through":[131],"hierarchical":[132],"sparsity":[133],"handled":[135],"tree-structured":[138],"operator.":[140],"Numerical":[141],"results":[142],"under":[143],"correlated":[144],"Rician":[145],"channels":[146],"detailed":[149],"power":[150,187],"consumption":[151],"model":[152],"demonstrate":[153],"that":[154],"OBE":[156],"scheme":[158],"consistently":[159],"improves":[160],"spectral":[161,191],"efficiency":[162,184,192],"over":[163],"LSFD,":[165],"gains":[167],"increasing":[168],"number":[171],"antennas.":[173],"Meanwhile,":[174],"studied":[176],"can":[180],"achieve":[181],"substantial":[182],"energy":[183],"improvement":[185],"reduction":[188],"controllable":[190],"loss.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-06-04T00:00:00"}
