{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163357468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.03770","title":"E2LLM: Towards Efficient LLM Serving in Heterogeneous Edge/Fog Environments","display_name":"E2LLM: Towards Efficient LLM Serving in Heterogeneous Edge/Fog Environments","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163357468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.03770"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.03770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.03770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.03770","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128023380","display_name":"Truong-Thanh Le","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le, Truong-Thanh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137772632","display_name":"Amir Taherkordi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taherkordi, Amir","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082673407","display_name":"Hoang-Loc La","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5453-7836"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"La, Hoang-Loc","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055689444","display_name":"Frank Eliassen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7788-4137"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eliassen, Frank","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029307415","display_name":"Phuong Hoai Ha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8366-5590"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ha, Phuong Hoai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137715407","display_name":"Peiyuan Guan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan, Peiyuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.19020000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.19020000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.16820000112056732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.0778999999165535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7598999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replica","display_name":"Replica","score":0.6694999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.5758000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.44359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4327999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.4250999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.35989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-paradigm","display_name":"Programming paradigm","score":0.3127000033855438}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7598999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.669700026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775937380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1232589","display_name":"Replica","level":2,"score":0.6694999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.5758000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.44359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4327999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.4250999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.35989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.2549999952316284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.03770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.03770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.03770","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.03770","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.4338764548301697}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"Language":[1],"Models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"have":[4],"become":[5],"integral":[6],"to":[7,75,156,170,190,205],"modern":[8],"applications,":[9],"yet":[10],"their":[11],"deployment":[12,21,79],"remains":[13],"challenging.":[14],"Beyond":[15],"executing":[16],"the":[17,98,137,206],"models":[18],"themselves,":[19],"practical":[20],"must":[22],"address":[23],"cost":[24],"efficiency,":[25],"low":[26],"latency,":[27],"and":[28,58,107,131,200],"optimal":[29,173],"resource":[30,82],"utilization.":[31],"Conventional":[32],"approaches":[33],"typically":[34],"assume":[35],"that":[36,159,176,185],"an":[37,172],"entire":[38],"model":[39,91,100,109],"can":[40],"be":[41],"hosted":[42],"on":[43,125],"a":[44,72,89,118,153],"single":[45,90],"device,":[46],"which":[47],"does":[48],"not":[49],"hold":[50],"in":[51,56,80,128,179,198],"many":[52],"real-world":[53],"scenarios,":[54],"particularly":[55],"Edge":[57],"Fog":[59],"environments":[60],"where":[61],"device":[62],"resources":[63],"are":[64],"constrained.":[65],"In":[66],"this":[67],"paper,":[68],"we":[69,151,166],"introduce":[70],"E2LLM,":[71],"framework":[73],"designed":[74],"enable":[76],"efficient":[77],"LLM":[78,145],"such":[81],"limited":[83],"settings.":[84],"Rather":[85],"than":[86],"simply":[87],"partitioning":[88,174],"across":[92,101],"all":[93],"available":[94],"devices,":[95,150],"E2LLM":[96,209],"replicates":[97],"full":[99],"multiple":[102],"groups":[103],"of":[104,144],"devices":[105],"(replicas)":[106],"applies":[108],"parallelism":[110],"within":[111],"each":[112,164],"replica.":[113],"Each":[114],"replica":[115],"is":[116],"assigned":[117],"specialized":[119],"role":[120],"PREFILL":[121],"or":[122],"DECODER":[123],"based":[124],"its":[126],"efficiency":[127],"handling":[129],"input":[130,199],"output":[132,201],"tokens.":[133],"This":[134],"separation":[135],"leverages":[136],"inherent":[138],"differences":[139],"between":[140],"these":[141],"two":[142],"phases":[143],"inference.":[146],"To":[147],"effectively":[148],"organize":[149],"utilize":[152],"Genetic":[154],"Algorithm":[155],"form":[157],"clusters":[158],"maximize":[160],"system":[161],"performance.":[162],"Within":[163],"cluster,":[165],"apply":[167],"Dynamic":[168],"Programming":[169],"determine":[171],"strategy":[175],"minimizes":[177],"bottlenecks":[178],"model-parallel":[180],"execution.":[181],"Experimental":[182],"results":[183],"demonstrate":[184],"our":[186],"approach":[187],"adapts":[188],"robustly":[189],"varying":[191],"workloads,":[192],"including":[193],"scenarios":[194],"with":[195],"significant":[196],"variation":[197],"token":[202],"lengths.":[203],"Compared":[204],"Splitwise":[207],"baseline,":[208],"reduces":[210],"average":[211],"waiting":[212],"time":[213],"by":[214],"over":[215],"50%":[216],"under":[217],"high-demand":[218],"conditions":[219]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-04T00:00:00"}