{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163392374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.03601","title":"DDOR: Delta Debugging for Explainable Overrefusal Testing and Repair","display_name":"DDOR: Delta Debugging for Explainable Overrefusal Testing and Repair","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163392374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.03601"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.03601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.03601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.03601","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137719075","display_name":"Qinyan Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Qinyan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137749446","display_name":"Peixin Zhang (3762457)","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Peixin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137729389","display_name":"Jun Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Jun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137800887","display_name":"Haonan Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Haonan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137774111","display_name":"Dongxia Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Dongxia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.3377000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.3377000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.15160000324249268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.14959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.9236000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.583299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.42730000615119934}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.9236000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7342000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.583299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.42730000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.3138999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.03601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.03601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.03601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.03601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"safety":[1,60,138],"alignment":[2],"and":[3,38,44,54,58,93,106,136,153],"guardrails":[4],"help":[5],"large":[6],"language":[7],"models":[8],"(LLMs)":[9],"avoid":[10],"harmful":[11,141],"outputs,":[12],"they":[13],"can":[14],"also":[15],"induce":[16],"overrefusal,":[17,155],"i.e.,":[18],"unwarranted":[19],"rejection":[20],"of":[21],"benign":[22],"queries":[23],"that":[24,74],"merely":[25],"appear":[26],"risky.":[27],"We":[28],"present":[29],"DDOR":[30,64,88,144],"(Delta":[31],"Debugging":[32],"for":[33,41,79],"OverRefusal),":[34],"a":[35,47,81,146],"fully":[36],"automated":[37],"explainable":[39,77],"framework":[40],"overrefusal":[42,108,130],"testing":[43],"repair":[45],"in":[46],"black-box":[48],"setting,":[49],"where":[50],"only":[51],"model":[52],"inputs":[53],"outputs":[55],"are":[56],"accessible":[57],"internal":[59],"mechanisms":[61],"remain":[62],"opaque.":[63],"applies":[65],"delta":[66],"debugging":[67],"to":[68,97,123,150],"localize":[69],"minimal":[70],"refusal-triggering":[71],"fragments":[72],"(mRTFs)":[73],"provide":[75],"phrase-level,":[76],"evidence":[78],"why":[80],"refusal":[82],"occurs.":[83],"Conditioned":[84],"on":[85,139],"these":[86],"mRTFs,":[87],"generates":[89],"diverse,":[90],"context-rich":[91],"prompts":[92],"performs":[94],"multi-oracle":[95],"validation":[96],"filter":[98],"intrinsically":[99],"unsafe":[100],"or":[101],"ambiguous":[102],"cases,":[103],"producing":[104],"scalable":[105],"model-specific":[107],"test":[109],"suites":[110],"(approximately":[111],"1K":[112],"cases":[113],"per":[114],"model).":[115],"Beyond":[116],"evaluation,":[117],"we":[118],"further":[119],"leverage":[120],"localized":[121],"mRTFs":[122],"perform":[124],"targeted":[125],"prompt":[126],"repair,":[127],"substantially":[128],"reducing":[129],"while":[131],"preserving":[132],"the":[133],"original":[134],"intent":[135],"maintaining":[137],"genuinely":[140],"inputs.":[142],"Overall,":[143],"offers":[145],"practical":[147],"end-to-end":[148],"solution":[149],"both":[151],"evaluate":[152],"mitigate":[154],"improving":[156],"LLM":[157],"usability":[158],"without":[159],"sacrificing":[160],"safety.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-06-04T00:00:00"}