{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163144581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.02344","title":"I-(OT)^2: A Client-optimal Oblivious Transfer Protocol for IoT Devices","display_name":"I-(OT)^2: A Client-optimal Oblivious Transfer Protocol for IoT Devices","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163144581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.02344"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.02344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.02344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.02344","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035147508","display_name":"E. Onofri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8391-2563"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Onofri, Elia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137652325","display_name":"Andrea Ciccotelli","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ciccotelli, Andrea","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127805617","display_name":"Roberto Di Pietro","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Pietro, Roberto","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oblivious-transfer","display_name":"Oblivious transfer","score":0.7235000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5579000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.557200014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5401999950408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.5347999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.4465999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-primitive","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","score":0.39959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.39739999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-multi-party-computation","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","score":0.3788999915122986}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53076038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915383","display_name":"Oblivious transfer","level":3,"score":0.7235000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5579000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.557200014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5401999950408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.5347999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4749000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4465999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4302999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.39959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.39739999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3935000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18396474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465888","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","level":3,"score":0.3788999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159718280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5526353","display_name":"Gas meter prover","level":3,"score":0.34139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94284585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228184","display_name":"Random oracle","level":4,"score":0.33309999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179145077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5154130","display_name":"Communication complexity","level":2,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.3151000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12269588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132364","display_name":"Communications protocol","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13652956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444883","display_name":"Secure two-party computation","level":4,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137822555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2587068","display_name":"Information sensitivity","level":2,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99221444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532069","display_name":"Private information retrieval","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.02344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.02344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.02344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.02344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Oblivious":[0],"Transfer":[1],"(OT)":[2],"is":[3,75,127],"a":[4,13,23,40,105,149,179,187,222],"fundamental":[5],"cryptographic":[6],"primitive":[7],"enabling":[8],"privacy-preserving":[9],"computation":[10,20,83,122],"and":[11,34,61,81,97,123,173,243],"constitutes":[12],"core":[14],"building":[15],"block":[16],"for":[17,218],"secure":[18],"multi-party":[19],"while":[21,165],"supporting":[22],"wide":[24],"range":[25],"of":[26,57,73,144,182,190,198],"security-sensitive":[27],"applications:":[28],"private":[29],"information":[30],"retrieval,":[31],"zero-knowledge":[32],"proofs,":[33],"password-authenticated":[35],"key":[36],"exchange,":[37],"to":[38,119,162,169,194],"cite":[39],"few.":[41],"While":[42],"recent":[43],"advances":[44],"in":[45,68,112,133],"OT":[46,92,109,234],"extension":[47],"have":[48],"significantly":[49],"reduced":[50],"amortised":[51],"costs,":[52],"their":[53,66],"reliance":[54],"on":[55,130,138,211,240,246],"batches":[56],"random":[58],"base":[59,91,107],"OTs":[60],"substantial":[62],"pre-computation":[63,152],"phases":[64],"limits":[65],"practicality":[67],"scenarios":[69],"where":[70,78],"the":[71,113,135,156,163,183,196,226,254],"number":[72],"transfers":[74],"modest":[76],"or":[77],"communication":[79,168],"latency":[80],"client-side":[82],"are":[84,216],"critical":[85],"constraints.":[86],"In":[87,99],"such":[88,141],"settings,":[89],"efficient":[90],"protocols":[93],"remain":[94],"both":[95],"relevant":[96],"necessary.":[98],"this":[100],"work,":[101],"we":[102,200],"introduce":[103],"$I$-$(OT)^2$,":[104,199],"novel":[106],"1-out-of-2":[108],"protocol":[110],"grounded":[111],"quadratic":[114],"residuosity":[115],"problem,":[116],"specifically":[117],"designed":[118],"minimise":[120],"receiver-side":[121],"interaction.":[124],"Our":[125],"construction":[126],"particularly":[128],"appealing":[129],"client--server":[131],"architectures":[132],"which":[134],"receiver":[136,227],"operates":[137],"low-power":[139],"hardware,":[140],"as":[142,235,237],"Internet":[143],"Things":[145],"(IoT)":[146],"devices.":[147],"Through":[148],"lightweight":[150],"offline":[151],"phase,":[153],"$I$-$(OT)^2$":[154],"shifts":[155],"on-transfer":[157],"computational":[158],"burden":[159],"almost":[160],"entirely":[161],"Sender,":[164],"reducing":[166],"online":[167,231],"only":[170],"six":[171],"messages":[172],"four":[174],"digests":[175],"exchanged.":[176],"We":[177],"provide":[178],"detailed":[180],"description":[181],"protocol,":[184],"accompanied":[185],"by":[186],"formal":[188],"proof":[189],"its":[191],"security.":[192],"Moreover,":[193],"demonstrate":[195],"viability":[197],"also":[201],"present":[202],"an":[203,229],"open-source":[204],"proof-of-concept":[205],"implementation":[206],"(in":[207],"C":[208],"language)":[209],"evaluated":[210],"real":[212],"IoT":[213,247],"hardware.":[214],"Results":[215],"staggering:":[217],"128-bit":[219],"security":[220],"using":[221],"3072-bit":[223],"RSA":[224],"modulus,":[225],"incurs":[228],"average":[230],"cost":[232],"per":[233],"low":[236],"2.80":[238],"\u03bcs":[239,245],"desktop":[241],"platforms":[242],"39.90":[244],"devices,":[248],"more":[249],"than":[250,253],"10$\\times$":[251],"faster":[252],"well":[255],"known":[256],"SimplestOT.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-03T00:00:00"}