{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163197941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.01736","title":"Argument Collapse: LLMs Flatten Long-Form Public Debate","display_name":"Argument Collapse: LLMs Flatten Long-Form Public Debate","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163197941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.01736"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.01736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.01736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.01736","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137678268","display_name":"Yekyung Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim, Yekyung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080987186","display_name":"Yapei Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang, Yapei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137620650","display_name":"Chau Minh Pham","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pham, Chau Minh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137665087","display_name":"Mohit Iyyer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iyyer, Mohit","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.2957000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.2957000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.164000004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.15219999849796295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argument","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","score":0.8676000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5371000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.3882000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-policy","display_name":"Public policy","score":0.3702999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/falling","display_name":"Falling (accident)","score":0.3009999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.8676000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5371000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.40869998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.3882000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.37860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.3702999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.32820001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333495","display_name":"Falling (accident)","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.01736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.01736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.01736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.01736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6932675838470459,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"LLMs":[1,33,95,154],"are":[2,82,146],"increasingly":[3],"used":[4],"to":[5,34,36,88,96,173],"draft":[6],"public-facing":[7],"arguments,":[8,42,115],"they":[9],"may":[10],"flatten":[11],"public":[12],"debate":[13],"by":[14,31],"repeatedly":[15],"introducing":[16],"the":[17,26,74,111,119,124,138],"same":[18,139,191],"polished,":[19],"plausible":[20],"arguments.":[21,93],"We":[22,47],"study":[23],"argument":[24,127,200],"collapse,":[25],"tendency":[27],"of":[28,40,78,90,110,118,143],"essays":[29,136,171],"generated":[30],"different":[32],"converge":[35],"a":[37,85,103,175,182],"smaller":[38],"set":[39],"main":[41,80,92,114,140],"sub-arguments,":[43,133,160],"and":[44,69,158,166,185],"paragraph-level":[45],"structures.":[46],"compare":[48],"1,039":[49],"human":[50,60,79,113,126,144],"responses":[51,61],"from":[52,62,150],"195":[53],"New":[54],"York":[55],"Times":[56],"(NYT)":[57],"debates,":[58],"448":[59],"61":[63],"longer-form":[64],"Boston":[65],"Review":[66],"(BR)":[67],"forums,":[68],"23,384":[70],"LLM-generated":[71,170],"essays.":[72],"In":[73],"NYT":[75],"corpus,":[76],"65.3%":[77],"arguments":[81],"unique":[83,147],"within":[84],"debate,":[86],"compared":[87],"3.4%":[89],"LLM":[91,151],"Asking":[94],"generate":[97],"diverse":[98],"answers":[99],"adds":[100],"variation,":[101],"but":[102],"typical":[104],"model":[105],"recovers":[106],"only":[107],"about":[108],"half":[109],"distinct":[112],"with":[116,137,181],"much":[117],"added":[120],"variation":[121],"falling":[122],"outside":[123],"observed":[125],"space.":[128],"Collapse":[129],"also":[130],"appears":[131],"in":[132,194],"where":[134],"among":[135],"argument,":[141],"41.0%":[142],"sub-arguments":[145],"versus":[148],"9.1%":[149],"responses.":[152,205],"Qualitatively,":[153],"often":[155,179],"reuse":[156],"generalized":[157],"hedged":[159],"while":[161],"humans":[162],"prefer":[163],"more":[164,176],"concrete":[165],"topic-specific":[167],"ones.":[168],"Structure-wise,":[169],"tend":[172],"follow":[174],"fixed":[177],"arc,":[178],"opening":[180],"direct":[183],"claim":[184],"moving":[186],"quickly":[187],"toward":[188],"proposals.":[189],"The":[190],"patterns":[192],"hold":[193],"longer":[195],"BR":[196],"essays,":[197],"suggesting":[198],"that":[199],"collapse":[201],"extends":[202],"beyond":[203],"short-form":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-03T00:00:00"}
