{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163218506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.01322","title":"TukaBench: A Culturally Grounded Jailbreak Benchmark for African Languages","display_name":"TukaBench: A Culturally Grounded Jailbreak Benchmark for African Languages","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163218506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.01322"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.01322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.01322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.01322","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002897476","display_name":"Victor Akinode","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akinode, Victor","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111271039","display_name":"Senyu Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Senyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137648181","display_name":"Wassim Hamidouche","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamidouche, Wassim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137708448","display_name":"Waqas Zamir","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zamir, Waqas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137630146","display_name":"Inbal Becker-Reshef","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Becker-Reshef, Inbal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137615136","display_name":"David Ifeoluwa Adelani","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adelani, David Ifeoluwa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.15039999783039093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.15039999783039093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.12200000137090683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.10670000314712524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/languages-of-africa","display_name":"Languages of Africa","score":0.5292999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.5108000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.49070000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.3905999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.34709998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-diversity","display_name":"Cultural diversity","score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.3158000111579895}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5934000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108494575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207930","display_name":"Languages of Africa","level":2,"score":0.5292999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.5108000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.49070000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4643999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.3905999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.34709998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338878","display_name":"Cultural diversity","level":2,"score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987028688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49085","display_name":"African american","level":2,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80864568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q950464","display_name":"Comparative method","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778883600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2390977","display_name":"Language proficiency","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781281093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329499","display_name":"Language planning","level":2,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99878080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33146","display_name":"Bantu languages","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.01322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.01322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.01322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.01322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6824809908866882,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Safety":[0],"evaluation":[1,104],"of":[2,41,71],"Large":[3],"Language":[4],"Models":[5],"(LLMs)":[6],"remains":[7],"heavily":[8],"English-centric,":[9],"leaving":[10],"Low-Resource":[11],"Languages":[12],"(LRLs),":[13],"particularly":[14],"African":[15,27,47,66,88],"ones,":[16],"critically":[17],"underexplored.":[18],"We":[19],"introduce":[20,124],"TUKABENCH,":[21],"a":[22],"jailbreak":[23],"benchmark":[24],"for":[25],"seven":[26],"languages":[28,89,147],"that":[29,141],"extends":[30],"JailbreakBench":[31],"(JBB)":[32],"beyond":[33],"direct":[34],"translation":[35,40],"through":[36,56],"four":[37],"settings:":[38],"human":[39,51,138],"JBB":[42],"prompts,":[43],"English":[44,64],"adaptation":[45],"to":[46,93,100,130],"contexts":[48],"followed":[49],"by":[50],"translation,":[52],"human-curated":[53],"prompts":[54,62,98],"validated":[55],"interactions":[57],"with":[58,95,137],"GPT-5.2,":[59],"and":[60,65,75,83,113,128,148],"code-switched":[61],"combining":[63],"languages,":[67],"isolating":[68],"the":[69,121,132],"effect":[70],"language,":[72],"cultural":[73],"grounding,":[74],"prompt":[76],"evasiveness":[77],"on":[78],"model":[79,110],"safety.":[80],"Across":[81],"closed":[82],"open":[84],"models,":[85],"prompting":[86],"in":[87,117,145],"reduces":[90],"refusal":[91],"relative":[92],"English,":[94],"culturally":[96],"adapted":[97],"leading":[99],"least":[101],"refusal.":[102],"The":[103],"also":[105],"surfaces":[106],"two":[107],"structural":[108],"limitations:":[109],"comprehension":[111],"failures":[112],"reduced":[114],"LLM-as-a-judge":[115],"reliability":[116],"LRLs.":[118],"To":[119],"capture":[120],"first,":[122],"we":[123,134],"Deflection":[125],"alongside":[126],"Refused":[127],"Jailbroken;":[129],"assess":[131],"second,":[133],"validate":[135],"outputs":[136],"annotations,":[139],"showing":[140],"judge-human":[142],"agreement":[143],"drops":[144],"lower-resource":[146],"less":[149],"commonly":[150],"supported":[151],"scripts.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-03T00:00:00"}