{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163203444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.00251","title":"Capability Self-Assessment: Teaching LLMs to Know Their Limits","display_name":"Capability Self-Assessment: Teaching LLMs to Know Their Limits","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163203444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.00251"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.00251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.00251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.00251","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137683150","display_name":"Haoyan Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Haoyan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027099536","display_name":"Reza Shirkavand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-7419"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirkavand, Reza","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137681095","display_name":"Yukai Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin, Yukai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137701067","display_name":"Jiawei Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Jiawei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020498118","display_name":"Shangqian Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9699-1790"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gao, Shangqian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137660188","display_name":"Heng Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Heng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.1331000030040741,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.1331000030040741,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.13269999623298645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.09790000319480896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delegate","display_name":"Delegate","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.505299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4973999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4323999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competence","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","score":0.4115999937057495}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143273055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2382794","display_name":"Delegate","level":2,"score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.618399977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5573999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.505299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4973999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4323999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.43050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.4115999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.00251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.00251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.00251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.00251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7251992225646973}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"ability":[1,54],"to":[2,10,52,67,105],"recognize":[3],"one's":[4],"own":[5],"limitations":[6],"and":[7,38,44,59,137],"decide":[8],"whether":[9],"solve":[11],"a":[12,63,120,139],"problem":[13],"or":[14],"delegate":[15],"is":[16,103,119,126],"fundamental":[17],"for":[18,141],"reliable":[19],"intelligent":[20],"systems.":[21],"Yet":[22],"we":[23],"show":[24,78],"that":[25,79,117],"modern":[26],"large":[27],"language":[28],"models":[29],"systematically":[30],"lack":[31],"this":[32,53],"ability:":[33],"across":[34],"diverse":[35],"model":[36,102,122],"families":[37],"scales,":[39],"they":[40,47],"overestimate":[41],"their":[42],"competence":[43],"attempt":[45],"queries":[46],"cannot":[48],"solve.":[49],"We":[50],"refer":[51],"as":[55,62],"Capability":[56],"Self-Assessment":[57],"(CSA)":[58],"formulate":[60],"it":[61,129],"policy-learning":[64],"problem,":[65],"aiming":[66],"improve":[68],"self-assessment":[69,109],"while":[70,89],"preserving":[71,90],"the":[72,99,101],"model's":[73],"original":[74,91],"capabilities.":[75,92],"Our":[76],"results":[77],"reinforcement":[80],"learning":[81],"teaches":[82],"CSA":[83,118,125],"effectively,":[84],"significantly":[85],"outperforming":[86],"supervised":[87,95],"fine-tuning":[88,96],"In":[93],"contrast,":[94],"severely":[97],"degrades":[98],"capabilities":[100],"meant":[104],"assess.":[106],"Moreover,":[107],"learned":[108],"behavior":[110],"generalizes":[111],"well":[112],"out":[113],"of":[114],"distribution,":[115],"suggesting":[116],"transferable":[121],"trait.":[123],"Finally,":[124],"practically":[127],"useful:":[128],"improves":[130],"local-cloud":[131],"decision":[132],"making":[133],"at":[134],"inference":[135],"time":[136],"provides":[138],"signal":[140],"targeted":[142],"data":[143],"selection":[144],"during":[145],"training.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-03T00:00:00"}