{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163123699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.00129","title":"A Shared Valence Axis Across Modern LLMs and Human EEG: The Saturation Regularity","display_name":"A Shared Valence Axis Across Modern LLMs and Human EEG: The Saturation Regularity","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163123699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.00129"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.00129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.00129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.00129","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099056934","display_name":"Yousef A. Radwan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Radwan, Yousef A.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137669536","display_name":"Xuhui Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Xuhui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076162916","display_name":"Kilichbek Haydarov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3062-2228"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haydarov, Kilichbek","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137698765","display_name":"Yuqian Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fu, Yuqian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085089542","display_name":"Mohamed Elhoseiny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9659-1551"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elhoseiny, Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.17589999735355377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.17589999735355377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.1501999944448471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.10980000346899033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/valence","display_name":"Valence (chemistry)","score":0.6966000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.5866000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/through-the-lens-metering","display_name":"Through-the-lens metering","score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salience","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.34150001406669617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168900304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171407","display_name":"Valence (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6966000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.5866000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5059000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4941999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48649999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4456999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067788","display_name":"Through-the-lens metering","level":3,"score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108154423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469792","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","level":2,"score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9930424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7426587","display_name":"Saturation (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.00129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.00129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.00129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.00129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8380419611930847,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1,140],"models":[2,141],"(LLMs)":[3],"have":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6,25,181],"powerful":[7],"representation":[8],"learners":[9],"whose":[10],"internal":[11,129],"features":[12,103],"increasingly":[13],"align":[14],"with":[15,253],"human":[16,34,83,143],"cognition.":[17],"We":[18,42,59,74,155,177],"study":[19],"whether":[20],"modern":[21,52],"LLMs":[22,53],"can":[23],"serve":[24],"a":[26,45,87,97,190],"lens":[27],"for":[28],"understanding":[29],"neural":[30,84],"representations":[31],"in":[32,40,127,138],"the":[33,49,105,120,124,133,182,194,205,222,240,248,254],"brain,":[35],"focusing":[36],"on":[37,101,251,258],"emotional":[38],"valence":[39,47,135],"EEG.":[41],"first":[43],"build":[44],"one-dimensional":[46],"direction,":[48,196],"V-axis,":[50],"from":[51],"using":[54],"only":[55],"nine":[56],"emotion-evocative":[57],"sentences.":[58],"validate":[60],"it":[61],"through":[62],"zero-shot":[63],"transfer":[64],"to":[65,119],"sentiment":[66],"benchmarks":[67],"and":[68,142,166,172],"cross-model":[69],"consistency":[70],"across":[71,234],"fourteen":[72],"LLMs.":[73],"then":[75],"show":[76],"that":[77,132],"this":[78,146,179,230],"LLM-derived":[79],"direction":[80,126],"maps":[81],"onto":[82,193],"activity.":[85],"On":[86],"public":[88],"EEG":[89,102,113],"cohort":[90],"of":[91,108],"123":[92],"subjects":[93],"watching":[94],"affective":[95],"videos,":[96],"single":[98],"linear":[99],"projection":[100],"tracks":[104],"V-axis":[106,121],"position":[107],"each":[109],"stimulus.":[110],"Moreover,":[111],"36":[112],"emotion":[114],"classifiers":[115],"trained":[116],"without":[117],"exposure":[118],"spontaneously":[122],"rediscover":[123],"same":[125,134,255],"their":[128],"representations,":[130],"suggesting":[131],"structure":[136],"emerges":[137],"both":[139],"electrophysiology.":[144],"Yet":[145],"convergence":[147],"does":[148],"not":[149],"provide":[150],"an":[151,201],"effective":[152],"training":[153],"signal.":[154],"test":[156],"twenty-five":[157],"alignment":[158],"strategies,":[159],"including":[160],"knowledge":[161],"distillation,":[162],"representational":[163],"similarity,":[164],"contrastive,":[165],"topographic":[167],"losses;":[168],"none":[169],"improve":[170],"decoding,":[171],"sixteen":[173],"significantly":[174],"reduce":[175],"accuracy.":[176],"formalize":[178],"result":[180],"saturation":[183],"regularity:":[184],"once":[185],"task":[186],"labels":[187],"alone":[188],"drive":[189],"brain-decoding":[191],"network":[192],"target":[195],"additional":[197],"supervision":[198],"mainly":[199],"distorts":[200],"already-saturated":[202],"basin,":[203,241],"while":[204],"load-bearing":[206],"within-class":[207],"residual":[208,223,235],"receives":[209],"little":[210],"useful":[211],"gradient.":[212],"This":[213],"regularity":[214],"also":[215],"indicates":[216],"where":[217],"improvement":[218],"should":[219],"come":[220],"from:":[221],"subspace":[224],"unreachable":[225],"by":[226,229,245],"supervision.":[227],"Motivated":[228],"insight,":[231],"we":[232],"ensemble":[233],"diversity":[236],"rather":[237],"than":[238],"supervising":[239],"improving":[242],"balanced":[243],"accuracy":[244],"10.5%":[246],"over":[247],"prior":[249],"best":[250],"FACED,":[252],"effect":[256],"replicated":[257],"SEED-V.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-06-03T00:00:00"}