{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163133844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.00019","title":"Understanding Stigmatizing Language in Clinical Documentation: A Paired Comparison of Ambient AI Drafts and Clinician Finalized Notes","display_name":"Understanding Stigmatizing Language in Clinical Documentation: A Paired Comparison of Ambient AI Drafts and Clinician Finalized Notes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163133844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.00019"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.00019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.00019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.00019","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137703164","display_name":"Yiliang Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Yiliang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137652700","display_name":"Yawen Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo, Yawen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119101223","display_name":"Sairam Sutari","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sutari, Sairam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137680124","display_name":"Jasmine Dhillon","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhillon, Jasmine","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073670489","display_name":"A. Beck","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beck, Alexandra L.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134350634","display_name":"Emilie Chow","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chow, Emilie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137655662","display_name":"Steven Tam","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tam, Steven","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137628217","display_name":"Danielle Perret","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Perret, Danielle","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102970167","display_name":"Deepti Pandita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2791-2738"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pandita, Deepti","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030572815","display_name":"Gelareh Sadigh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3233-1878"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadigh, Gelareh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137668007","display_name":"Archana J. McEligot","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"McEligot, Archana J.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137709438","display_name":"Kai Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng, Kai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.866100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.866100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.04780000075697899,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.012500000186264515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.7788000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.3871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stigma","display_name":"Stigma (botany)","score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambient-intelligence","display_name":"Ambient intelligence","score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-language","display_name":"English language","score":0.2854999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.7788000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.511900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168285401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427245","display_name":"Stigma (botany)","level":2,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201638289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q457396","display_name":"Ambient intelligence","level":2,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987496018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1860","display_name":"English language","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94922259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33215","display_name":"Constructed language","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.00019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.00019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2606.00019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2606.00019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ambient":[0,132],"artificial":[1],"intelligence":[2],"(AI)":[3],"documentation":[4,12],"tools":[5],"are":[6],"increasingly":[7],"deployed":[8],"to":[9,39,104],"reduce":[10],"clinician":[11,36,107,117],"burden,":[13],"but":[14],"their":[15],"implications":[16],"for":[17],"biased":[18],"language":[19,42,51,62,101,126],"in":[20,63,72,106],"clinical":[21],"notes":[22,38],"remain":[23],"unclear.":[24],"We":[25],"conducted":[26],"a":[27,48,121],"large-scale":[28],"comparison":[29],"analysis":[30],"of":[31,60,79,83,92,124],"AI":[32,64,93],"drafts":[33],"and":[34,45,69,75],"corresponding":[35],"finalized":[37,108],"quantify":[40],"stigmatizing":[41,61,84,100,125],"changes":[43],"pre-":[44],"post-editing.":[46],"Using":[47],"lexicon-based":[49],"natural":[50],"processing":[52],"(NLP)":[53],"pipeline,":[54],"we":[55],"measured":[56],"(1)":[57],"the":[58,67,77,128],"prevalence":[59,68],"drafts,":[65],"(2)":[66],"term":[70],"composition":[71],"final":[73],"notes,":[74],"(3)":[76],"frequency":[78],"removal":[80],"or":[81],"introduction":[82],"terms.":[85],"Across":[86],"66,297":[87],"paired":[88],"note":[89],"sections,":[90],"21.4%":[91],"draft":[94],"sections":[95],"contained":[96],"at":[97],"least":[98],"one":[99],"mention,":[102],"rising":[103],"24.0%":[105],"versions.":[109],"Introductions":[110],"occurred":[111],"more":[112],"often":[113],"than":[114],"removals,":[115],"suggesting":[116],"editing":[118],"can":[119],"be":[120],"net":[122],"source":[123],"entering":[127],"EHR":[129],"with":[130],"using":[131],"AI.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-06-03T00:00:00"}
