{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162992028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.31135","title":"R+R: Reassessing Java Security API Misuse in Current LLMs: A Replication on JCA and JSSE APIs with External Security Knowledge","display_name":"R+R: Reassessing Java Security API Misuse in Current LLMs: A Replication on JCA and JSSE APIs with External Security Knowledge","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162992028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.31135"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.31135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.31135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.31135","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102541097","display_name":"Tianhe Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2887-6146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu, Tianhe","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110499716","display_name":"Eric Spero","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spero, Eric","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093023316","display_name":"Sakuna Harinda Jayasundara","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayasundara, Sakuna Harinda","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137535216","display_name":"Robert Biddle","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biddle, Robert","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072751099","display_name":"Giovanni Russello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6987-0803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Russello, Giovanni","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.448199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.448199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.18150000274181366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.10339999943971634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.6834999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-coding","display_name":"Secure coding","score":0.6419000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security-model","display_name":"Computer security model","score":0.5202000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-bug","display_name":"Security bug","score":0.5146999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-through-obscurity","display_name":"Security through obscurity","score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-java","display_name":"Real time Java","score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replication","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","score":0.3336000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-security-assurance","display_name":"Software security assurance","score":0.32659998536109924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7914000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.6834999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6588000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22680326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444867","display_name":"Secure coding","level":5,"score":0.6419000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121822524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157582","display_name":"Computer security model","level":2,"score":0.5202000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131275738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445023","display_name":"Security bug","level":5,"score":0.5146999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114869243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133735","display_name":"Security through obscurity","level":5,"score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132106392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1373903","display_name":"Real time Java","level":3,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12590798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933199","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.3336000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195518309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13424265","display_name":"Security testing","level":5,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154908896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2167404","display_name":"Security policy","level":2,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32235180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q921902","display_name":"Java API for XML-based RPC","level":5,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174954855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7623626","display_name":"strictfp","level":4,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52723943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127410","display_name":"Serialization","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31139447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380386","display_name":"Enterprise information security architecture","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168702491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567345","display_name":"Java annotation","level":4,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.31135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.31135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.31135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.31135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,95],"misuse":[1,115,148,199],"of":[2,53,111,211],"Java":[3,60,65,106,112,196],"security":[4,9,41,107,113,121,153,197],"APIs":[5],"is":[6,22,131],"a":[7,48,79,87],"serious":[8],"problem":[10,21,110],"in":[11,15,24,35,104,159,202],"software":[12],"development.":[13],"Research":[14],"2024":[16],"has":[17,116],"shown":[18],"that":[19,98,208],"this":[20,32],"widespread":[23],"LLM-generated":[25],"code.":[26],"However,":[27],"it":[28],"remains":[29],"unclear":[30],"whether":[31],"phenomenon":[33],"persists":[34],"current":[36],"models":[37],"and":[38,51,64,84,182,206,221],"how":[39],"external":[40],"knowledge":[42,122,143,177,213,219],"affects":[43],"it.":[44],"This":[45],"paper":[46],"presents":[47],"scoped":[49],"replication":[50],"extension":[52],"Mousavi":[54],"et":[55],"al.'s":[56],"study":[57,205],"on":[58,73,217,226],"the":[59,109,125,139,195,203,209,218],"Cryptography":[61],"Architecture":[62],"(JCA)":[63],"Secure":[66],"Socket":[67],"Extension":[68],"(JSSE)":[69],"APIs.":[70],"We":[71],"focus":[72],"two":[74],"complementary":[75],"settings:":[76],"GPT-5.5":[77],"as":[78,86],"frontier":[80],"proprietary":[81],"coding":[82],"model,":[83],"Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct":[85],"strong":[88],"open-weight":[89],"model":[90,227],"relevant":[91],"to":[92,168],"self-hosted":[93],"deployment.":[94],"results":[96],"show":[97,207],"although":[99,162],"newer":[100],"LLMs":[101],"perform":[102],"better":[103],"using":[105],"APIs,":[108],"API":[114,154,198],"not":[117,215],"been":[118],"eliminated.":[119],"External":[120],"substantially":[123],"improves":[124],"measured":[126],"outcome,":[127],"but":[128,224],"its":[129],"effect":[130],"model-dependent.":[132],"For":[133,145],"Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct,":[134],"secure":[135,183],"code":[136],"examples":[137],"are":[138],"most":[140],"effective":[141],"single":[142],"type.":[144],"GPT-5.5,":[146],"explicit":[147],"patterns":[149],"eliminate":[150],"all":[151],"detected":[152],"misuses":[155],"among":[156],"valid":[157],"programs":[158],"our":[160],"benchmark,":[161],"some":[163],"outputs":[164],"remain":[165],"invalid":[166],"due":[167],"compilation":[169],"errors":[170],"or":[171],"target-API":[172],"mismatches.":[173],"In":[174],"addition,":[175],"developer-guide":[176],"becomes":[178],"much":[179],"more":[180],"effective,":[181],"prompting":[184],"also":[185,225],"provides":[186],"large":[187],"gains":[188],"for":[189],"GPT-5.5.":[190],"Overall,":[191],"these":[192],"findings":[193],"confirm":[194],"risk":[200],"identified":[201],"original":[204],"benefits":[210],"retrieval-augmented":[212],"depend":[214],"only":[216],"itself":[220],"retrieval":[222],"behavior,":[223],"capability.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-02T00:00:00"}
