{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163077929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.31023","title":"HADT: A Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Differential Transformer for Autonomous Earth Observation Satellite Cluster","display_name":"HADT: A Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Differential Transformer for Autonomous Earth Observation Satellite Cluster","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163077929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.31023"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.31023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.31023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.31023","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137546658","display_name":"Mohamad A. Hady","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hady, Mohamad A.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048298559","display_name":"M. Anwar Ma\u2019sum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9251-7781"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masum, Muhammad Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137612775","display_name":"Siyi Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu, Siyi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036928886","display_name":"Mahardhika Pratama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6531-5087"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pratama, Mahardhika","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137572122","display_name":"Jimmy Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cao, Jimmy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024220409","display_name":"Ryszard Kowalczyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0937-4028"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kowalczyk, Ryszard","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.6013000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-observation","display_name":"Earth observation","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.4717999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.4203000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geocentric-orbit","display_name":"Geocentric orbit","score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-observation-satellite","display_name":"Earth observation satellite","score":0.3700000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7034000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6013000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4918999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.487199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.4717999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.4203000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154978347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1579577","display_name":"Geocentric orbit","level":3,"score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987528665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854845","display_name":"Earth observation satellite","level":3,"score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.32739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55416958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206757","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","level":3,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74750220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2662197","display_name":"Differential evolution","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.31023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.31023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.31023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.31023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.4061781167984009,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,41,82,100,110,164,168],"problem":[4,68,111],"of":[5,181],"autonomous":[6,27,144],"resource":[7,64,128],"management":[8],"in":[9,99],"heterogeneous":[10,141],"satellite":[11,61,142,182],"cluster":[12,143],"conducting":[13],"Earth":[14],"Observation":[15],"(EO)":[16],"missions":[17],"including":[18],"optical":[19],"and":[20,63,90,96,117,126,151,174],"Synthetic":[21],"Aperture":[22],"Radar":[23],"(SAR)":[24],"satellites.":[25],"In":[26],"operation":[28],"mode,":[29],"satellites":[30],"are":[31,85],"equipped":[32],"with":[33,48,147,176],"intelligent":[34],"capabilities":[35],"enabling":[36],"real-time":[37,127],"decision-making":[38,115],"based":[39],"on":[40,56],"latest":[42],"conditions,":[43],"while":[44],"requiring":[45],"minimal":[46],"interaction":[47],"ground":[49],"operators.":[50],"Traditional":[51],"scheduling":[52],"approaches":[53],"typically":[54],"rely":[55],"mathematical":[57],"models":[58,84],"to":[59,93,108,123,163,178],"represent":[60],"mission":[62,102],"management.":[65,129],"Then,":[66],"this":[67,131],"is":[69,107],"solved":[70],"by":[71],"using":[72],"optimization":[73],"algorithms.":[74],"However,":[75],"such":[76],"solutions":[77],"become":[78],"less":[79],"effective":[80],"when":[81],"underlying":[83],"not":[86],"available,":[87],"over":[88],"complex,":[89],"inaccurate":[91],"due":[92],"dynamic":[94],"changes":[95],"uncertainties":[97],"inherent":[98],"space":[101],"environment.":[103],"A":[104],"promising":[105],"alternative":[106],"reformulate":[109],"as":[112],"a":[113,135],"sequential":[114],"process":[116],"apply":[118],"model-free":[119],"reinforcement":[120],"learning":[121],"techniques":[122],"enable":[124],"adaptive":[125],"To":[130],"end,":[132],"we":[133],"propose":[134],"novel":[136],"transformer-based":[137],"architecture":[138,170],"tailored":[139],"for":[140],"EO":[145],"Mission":[146],"relational":[148],"observations-actions":[149],"tokenization":[150],"differential":[152],"attention":[153],"mechanism.":[154],"Our":[155],"experimental":[156],"results":[157],"demonstrate":[158],"significant":[159],"performance":[160],"improvements":[161],"compared":[162],"available":[165],"baselines.":[166],"Moreover,":[167],"proposed":[169],"exhibits":[171],"strong":[172],"adaptability":[173],"transferability":[175],"respect":[177],"varying":[179],"numbers":[180],"clusters.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-06-02T00:00:00"}
