{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162786617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.29629","title":"Beyond Attack Success Rate: Temporal Logit Observability for LLM Safety Failures","display_name":"Beyond Attack Success Rate: Temporal Logit Observability for LLM Safety Failures","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162786617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.29629"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.29629","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.29629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.29629","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137383058","display_name":"Junyoung Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Park, Junyoung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101573629","display_name":"Sunghwan Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0253-110X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Park, Sunghwan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135847596","display_name":"Seongyong Ju","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ju, Seongyong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415712","display_name":"Jaewoo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5887-2184"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Jaewoo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.5857999920845032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.5857999920845032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.08669999986886978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.07400000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observability","display_name":"Observability","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observable","display_name":"Observable","score":0.6406000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logit","display_name":"Logit","score":0.59579998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.4875999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.4487000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rare-events","display_name":"Rare events","score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.37299999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36299963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369844","display_name":"Observability","level":2,"score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.6406000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140331021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868104","display_name":"Logit","level":2,"score":0.59579998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.52920001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4875999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.4487000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777317252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18393516","display_name":"Rare events","level":2,"score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780695315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799040","display_name":"Unobservable","level":2,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163164238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2737027","display_name":"Failure rate","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17825722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17285","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.29629","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.29629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.29629","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.29629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6648411750793457}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Attack":[0],"Success":[1],"Rate":[2],"(ASR)":[3],"evaluates":[4],"each":[5,73],"jailbreak":[6,108],"with":[7,111,143],"a":[8,20,61,66,77,181],"single":[9],"yes/no":[10],"label":[11],"at":[12,116],"the":[13,121,123,147,191],"end":[14],"of":[15,149],"generation,":[16],"telling":[17],"us":[18],"whether":[19,186],"failure":[21,182],"happened":[22],"but":[23],"not":[24,184],"how":[25,180],"it":[26,187],"unfolded.":[27],"Two":[28],"attacks":[29,95,110],"that":[30,64,96],"produce":[31],"equally":[32],"harmful":[33],"outputs":[34],"may":[35],"have":[36],"followed":[37],"completely":[38],"different":[39,100,118,129],"paths,":[40],"and":[41,71,106,179],"ASR":[42,90,114],"cannot":[43],"tell":[44],"them":[45],"apart.":[46],"We":[47],"make":[48],"those":[49],"hidden":[50,138],"paths":[51],"observable":[52,194],"from":[53,137,158,195],"logits":[54,196],"alone.":[55,197],"Temporal":[56],"Logit":[57],"Observability":[58],"(TLO)":[59],"is":[60,85,91],"training-free":[62],"diagnostic":[63],"watches":[65],"compliance-refusal":[67],"margin":[68],"during":[69],"decoding":[70],"places":[72],"model-attack":[74],"condition":[75],"on":[76,120,140,170],"calibrated":[78],"2D":[79],"plane.":[80],"By":[81],"design,":[82],"this":[83],"plane":[84],"most":[86,141],"informative":[87],"exactly":[88],"where":[89],"least":[92],"informative:":[93],"among":[94],"succeed":[97],"for":[98],"genuinely":[99],"reasons.":[101],"Across":[102],"four":[103],"aligned":[104],"LLMs":[105],"three":[107],"paradigms,":[109],"nearly":[112],"identical":[113],"land":[115],"clearly":[117],"points":[119],"plane:":[122],"same":[124],"model":[125,145],"can":[126],"fail":[127],"through":[128],"temporal":[130],"patterns.":[131],"The":[132],"geometry":[133],"matches":[134],"refusal-direction":[135],"probes":[136],"states":[139],"conditions,":[142],"one":[144],"showing":[146],"limit":[148],"our":[150],"fixed-lexicon":[151],"approach.":[152],"A":[153],"simple":[154],"early-stop":[155],"rule":[156],"derived":[157],"TLO":[159,189],"cuts":[160],"successful":[161],"jailbreaks":[162],"by":[163],"more":[164],"than":[165],"half,":[166],"without":[167],"false":[168],"alarms":[169],"plain":[171],"benign":[172],"queries.":[173],"Safety":[174],"evaluation":[175],"should":[176],"report":[177],"when":[178],"unfolds,":[183],"only":[185],"occurred.":[188],"makes":[190],"first":[192],"two":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-05-30T00:00:00"}
