{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162687414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.28534","title":"GUI-CIDER: Mid-training GUI Agents via Causal Internalization and Density-aware Exemplar Reselection","display_name":"GUI-CIDER: Mid-training GUI Agents via Causal Internalization and Density-aware Exemplar Reselection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162687414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.28534"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.28534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.28534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.28534","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137264589","display_name":"Zheng Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137234218","display_name":"Chengcheng Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han, Chengcheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137224289","display_name":"Zhengxi Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu, Zhengxi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137201551","display_name":"Tianjie Ju","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ju, Tianjie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137288896","display_name":"Yanyu Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Yanyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137265494","display_name":"Qi Gu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gu, Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137275727","display_name":"Xunliang Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cai, Xunliang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137234149","display_name":"Zhuosheng Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Zhuosheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.4812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.4812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.18770000338554382,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.03999999910593033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6007999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-user-interface","display_name":"Graphical user interface","score":0.5300999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.49959999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memorization","display_name":"Memorization","score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-model","display_name":"Graphical model","score":0.39730000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-model","display_name":"Causal model","score":0.3727000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.361299991607666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7591000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6007999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5733000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37789001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782543","display_name":"Graphical user interface","level":2,"score":0.5300999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.49959999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4657999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4284999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30038468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4354775","display_name":"Memorization","level":2,"score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155846161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143367","display_name":"Graphical model","level":2,"score":0.39730000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11671645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567","display_name":"Causal model","level":2,"score":0.3727000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.3386000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115086926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17004651","display_name":"Causal reasoning","level":3,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115925183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412694","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777220311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423340","display_name":"Knowledge acquisition","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.28534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.28534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.28534","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.28534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,138,152,159,180],"rapid":[2],"progress":[3],"of":[4,26,85,183],"multimodal":[5],"large":[6],"language":[7],"models":[8],"in":[9,114],"building":[10],"Graphical":[11],"User":[12],"Interface":[13],"(GUI)":[14],"agents,":[15],"their":[16],"real-world":[17],"task":[18,171,188],"completion":[19,172],"is":[20,88,155],"fundamentally":[21],"bottlenecked":[22],"by":[23,140],"a":[24,96],"lack":[25],"world":[27,61,103],"knowledge":[28,62,87,104,127,167],"about":[29],"GUI":[30,102,129,166,184],"operations.":[31],"Existing":[32],"solutions":[33],"typically":[34],"rely":[35],"on":[36,164],"expensive":[37],"multi-agent":[38],"scaffolding":[39],"or":[40,66],"conventional":[41],"post-training":[42,54],"paradigms,":[43],"such":[44],"as":[45],"Supervised":[46],"Fine-Tuning":[47],"(SFT)":[48],"and":[49,108,124,144,148,169,186],"Reinforcement":[50],"Learning":[51],"(RL).":[52],"However,":[53],"only":[55],"allows":[56],"agents":[57],"to":[58,70,157],"implicitly":[59],"absorb":[60],"through":[63,105],"action":[64],"annotations":[65],"reward":[67],"signals,":[68],"leading":[69],"inefficient":[71],"trajectory":[72],"memorization":[73],"rather":[74],"than":[75],"genuine":[76],"comprehension.":[77],"Therefore,":[78],"an":[79],"approach":[80],"that":[81,99,175],"enables":[82],"explicit":[83],"learning":[84],"this":[86,91],"imperative.":[89],"To":[90],"end,":[92],"we":[93],"propose":[94],"GUI-CIDER,":[95],"mid-training":[97],"method":[98],"explicitly":[100],"internalizes":[101],"Causal":[106],"Internalization":[107],"Density-aware":[109],"Exemplar":[110],"Reselection.":[111],"GUI-CIDER":[112,176],"operates":[113],"three":[115,170],"stages:":[116],"(1)":[117],"data":[118,154],"synthesis,":[119],"which":[120,136],"distills":[121],"static":[122],"planning":[123],"dynamic":[125],"causal":[126,142],"from":[128],"trajectories":[130],"into":[131],"text;":[132],"(2)":[133],"exemplar":[134],"reselection,":[135],"filters":[137],"corpus":[139],"rewarding":[141],"structures":[143],"penalizing":[145],"semantic":[146],"redundancy;":[147],"(3)":[149],"mid-training,":[150],"where":[151],"refined":[153],"used":[156],"embed":[158],"acquired":[160],"knowledge.":[161],"Extensive":[162],"experiments":[163],"two":[165],"benchmarks":[168,173],"demonstrate":[174],"consistently":[177],"improves":[178],"both":[179],"agent's":[181],"understanding":[182],"operations":[185],"its":[187],"success":[189],"rates.The":[190],"codes":[191],"are":[192],"available":[193],"at":[194],"https://github.com/Wuzheng02/GUI-CIDER.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-29T00:00:00"}