{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162634850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.28017","title":"Can It Reach the Generator? Investigating the Survival of Prompt-Injection Attacks in Realistic RAG Settings","display_name":"Can It Reach the Generator? Investigating the Survival of Prompt-Injection Attacks in Realistic RAG Settings","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162634850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.28017"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.28017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.28017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.28017","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137268582","display_name":"Yu Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yin, Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137203308","display_name":"Shuai Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Shuai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126522991","display_name":"Bevan Koopman","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koopman, Bevan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076031002","display_name":"Guido Zuccon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-5563"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuccon, Guido","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.7473999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.7473999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.02759999968111515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.023099999874830246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guard","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","score":0.7343999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.40869998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.37560001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raising","display_name":"Raising (metalworking)","score":0.3158999979496002}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.76910001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141141315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2379942","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7343999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.40869998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.37560001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780589192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7285140","display_name":"Raising (metalworking)","level":2,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165609540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172486","display_name":"Data breach","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779119184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294350","display_name":"ALARM","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780741293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4818019","display_name":"Attack patterns","level":3,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.28017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.28017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.28017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.28017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4322749376296997,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"generative":[1],"engine":[2],"optimisation":[3],"(GEO)":[4],"research":[5],"has":[6],"shown":[7],"that":[8,110,140],"prompt-injection":[9,149],"attacks":[10,27,99,121,143],"can":[11,73],"push":[12],"a":[13,101,147,153],"target":[14],"product":[15],"to":[16,51,86],"the":[17,25,44,52,55,66,69,78,88,126],"top":[18],"of":[19],"an":[20],"LLM's":[21],"recommendation":[22],"list,":[23],"with":[24],"strongest":[26],"reporting":[28],"around":[29],"$80\\%$":[30],"success":[31],"and":[32,57,82,118,128,163],"raising":[33],"serious":[34],"security":[35],"concerns":[36],"about":[37],"RAG-based":[38],"recommendation.":[39],"However,":[40],"these":[41],"results":[42],"assume":[43],"attacked":[45],"document":[46,70,79],"is":[47,60,80],"always":[48],"fed":[49],"directly":[50],"generator,":[53,127],"bypassing":[54],"retriever":[56],"reranker.":[58],"This":[59],"unrealistic:":[61],"in":[62,74],"deployed":[63],"RAG":[64],"systems,":[65],"attack":[67,115,155],"modifies":[68],"content,":[71],"which":[72],"turn":[75],"change":[76],"whether":[77],"retrieved":[81],"reranked":[83],"highly":[84],"enough":[85],"reach":[87],"generator":[89],"at":[90,167],"all.":[91],"In":[92],"this":[93],"paper,":[94],"we":[95],"re-evaluate":[96],"seven":[97],"GEO":[98,142],"under":[100],"realistic":[102],"three-stage":[103],"pipeline":[104],"(retriever\\,$\\to$\\,LLM":[105],"reranker\\,$\\to$\\,LLM":[106],"generator).":[107],"We":[108],"find":[109],"prior":[111],"protocols":[112],"substantially":[113],"overstate":[114],"effectiveness:":[116],"gradient-based":[117],"instruction":[119],"override":[120],"largely":[122],"collapse":[123],"before":[124],"reaching":[125],"only":[129],"LLM-driven":[130],"prompt":[131],"injections":[132],"remain":[133],"effective":[134],"end-to-end.":[135],"Our":[136,161],"analysis":[137],"further":[138],"reveals":[139],"current":[141],"are":[144,165],"easily":[145],"detectable:":[146],"lightweight":[148],"guard":[150],"finetuned":[151],"on":[152],"small":[154],"dataset":[156],"already":[157],"detects":[158],"every":[159],"attack.":[160],"code":[162],"data":[164],"available":[166],"https://github.com/ielab/geo_injection_rag_survival.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-29T00:00:00"}
