{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162490413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.26169","title":"ESBMC: A Survey of Its Evolution, Integration, and Future Directions in Formal Software Verification","display_name":"ESBMC: A Survey of Its Evolution, Integration, and Future Directions in Formal Software Verification","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162490413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.26169"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.26169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.26169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.26169","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120634922","display_name":"PIerre Dantas","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dantas, Pierre","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137085684","display_name":"Lucas Cordeiro","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cordeiro, Lucas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137123979","display_name":"Waldir Junior","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junior, Waldir","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.3555999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.3555999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.32899999618530273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.02850000001490116,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-verification","display_name":"Software verification","score":0.7299000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verification","display_name":"Verification","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.6718000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.6305999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.5386999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-verification","display_name":"Functional verification","score":0.5346999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-verification","display_name":"Intelligent verification","score":0.5260999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verification-and-validation","display_name":"Verification and validation","score":0.47110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterexample","display_name":"Counterexample","score":0.45649999380111694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33054407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504747","display_name":"Software verification","level":5,"score":0.7299000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142284323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7921323","display_name":"Verification","level":5,"score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6976000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.6718000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.6593000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.6305999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.5386999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62460635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5508853","display_name":"Functional verification","level":3,"score":0.5346999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3406870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044160","display_name":"Intelligent verification","level":5,"score":0.5260999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48002344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919644","display_name":"Verification and validation","level":2,"score":0.47110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.46630001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162838799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596077","display_name":"Counterexample","level":2,"score":0.45649999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.42239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202973057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7380130","display_name":"Runtime verification","level":3,"score":0.41040000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.36169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126433048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7921324","display_name":"Verification and validation of computer simulation models","level":2,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174683762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609588","display_name":"Component-based software engineering","level":4,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35869016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846636","display_name":"Software architecture","level":3,"score":0.29829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52913732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857102","display_name":"Software design","level":4,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187250869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5754573","display_name":"High-level verification","level":5,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80291951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200691","display_name":"Design by contract","level":5,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145243422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333385","display_name":"Abstract state machines","level":3,"score":0.26260000467300415}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.26169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.26169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.26169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.26169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5642387270927429,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Efficient":[1],"SMT-Based":[2],"Context-Bounded":[3],"Model":[4],"Checker":[5],"(ESBMC)":[6],"has":[7,39],"grown":[8],"from":[9,81],"a":[10,109,117,125,135,165,172,199,210],"research":[11,193],"prototype":[12],"for":[13,139],"verifying":[14],"embedded":[15],"ANSI-C":[16],"software":[17,105,142],"into":[18],"one":[19],"of":[20,79,89,152,213],"the":[21,76,87,90,148,159,195],"most":[22,60],"versatile":[23],"and":[24,58,69,99,115,124,143,147,186,198,207,227],"industrially":[25],"capable":[26],"formal":[27,136],"verification":[28,45,137,168],"platforms":[29],"available":[30],"today.":[31],"Since":[32],"its":[33,44,48,82,132,178],"first":[34,149],"publication":[35],"in":[36,92,190],"2009,":[37],"ESBMC":[38,80,163],"undergone":[40],"persistent":[41],"evolution:":[42],"expanding":[43],"techniques,":[46],"widening":[47],"language":[49],"support":[50],"to":[51,86],"nine":[52],"front-ends,":[53],"integrating":[54],"industrial-strength":[55],"SMT":[56],"solvers,":[57],"-":[59,62,181,206],"recently":[61],"coupling":[63],"with":[64,209],"Large":[65],"Language":[66],"Models":[67],"(LLMs)":[68],"autonomous":[70,167],"AI":[71],"agents.":[72],"This":[73],"survey":[74],"traces":[75],"full":[77],"trajectory":[78],"original":[83],"design":[84],"principles":[85],"state":[88],"art":[91],"2025-2026,":[93],"documenting":[94],"43":[95],"awards":[96],"at":[97,103,113,122,130,203],"SV-COMP":[98],"Test-Comp,":[100],"peer":[101],"recognition":[102],"leading":[104],"engineering":[106],"venues,":[107],"including":[108],"Distinguished":[110],"Paper":[111,120,128],"Awards":[112],"ICSE'11":[114],"ASE'24,":[116],"Most":[118],"Influential":[119],"Award":[121,129],"ASE'23,":[123],"Best":[126],"Tool":[127],"SBSeg'23,":[131],"role":[133],"as":[134,164],"backend":[138],"LLM-driven":[140],"self-healing":[141],"loop":[144],"invariant":[145],"generation,":[146],"industrial":[150,201],"deployment":[151,202],"an":[153],"integrated":[154],"agentic":[155],"model-checking":[156],"architecture":[157],"through":[158],"NVIDIA-OpenSMA":[160],"framework,":[161],"establishing":[162],"natively":[166],"kernel":[169],"rather":[170],"than":[171],"passive":[173],"validation":[174],"backend.":[175],"We":[176],"synthesize":[177],"economic":[179],"impact":[180],"over":[182],"GBP":[183],"9.3":[184],"million":[185,189],"EUR":[187],"4.98":[188],"confirmed":[191],"public":[192],"funding,":[194],"VeriBee":[196],"spin-off,":[197],"defense":[200],"Lockheed":[204],"Martin":[205],"conclude":[208],"structured":[211],"agenda":[212],"open":[214],"challenges":[215],"spanning":[216],"scalability,":[217],"neurosymbolic":[218],"verification,":[219,223],"counterexample":[220],"intelligibility,":[221],"cross-language":[222],"safety":[224],"standards":[225],"compliance,":[226],"open-source":[228],"sustainability.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-05-28T00:00:00"}
