{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162562640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.26156","title":"Turning Bias into Bugs: Bandit-Guided Style Manipulation Attacks on LLM Judges","display_name":"Turning Bias into Bugs: Bandit-Guided Style Manipulation Attacks on LLM Judges","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162562640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.26156"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.26156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.26156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.26156","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126279726","display_name":"Xianglin Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Xianglin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137098527","display_name":"Bryan Hooi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hooi, Bryan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137174561","display_name":"Gelei Deng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deng, Gelei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137188228","display_name":"Tianwei Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Tianwei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137124682","display_name":"Jin Song Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong, Jin Song","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.2475000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.2475000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.12860000133514404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.11959999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.6855999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.532800018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.48170000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.4325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.36410000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-justice","display_name":"Economic Justice","score":0.3626999855041504}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.6855999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5633000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5533999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.532800018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.48170000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.4325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.36410000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777984123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9248237","display_name":"Pointwise","level":2,"score":0.33480000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776240099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327018","display_name":"Interrogation","level":2,"score":0.3215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135798126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2167279","display_name":"Top-down and bottom-up design","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40423286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284172","display_name":"Selection bias","level":2,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780838233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836925","display_name":"Complaint","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777742833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1964083","display_name":"Reciprocal","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779403266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q342522","display_name":"Acquiescence","level":3,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.26156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.26156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.26156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.26156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7625874280929565}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"known":[1],"stylistic":[2,57],"biases":[3],"in":[4,156],"LLM":[5,43,94],"judges,":[6],"such":[7],"as":[8,59],"a":[9,32,60,66,90,125,153],"preference":[10],"for":[11],"verbosity":[12],"or":[13,83],"specific":[14],"sentence":[15],"structures,":[16],"present":[17],"an":[18,42,112],"underexplored":[19],"security":[20],"vulnerability.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23],"work,":[24],"we":[25,86],"introduce":[26],"BITE":[27,88,110,141],"(BIas":[28],"exploraTion":[29],"and":[30,45,64,96,101,107,118,146,160],"Exploitation),":[31],"black-box":[33],"adversarial":[34],"framework":[35],"that":[36,73,140],"learns":[37],"semantics-preserving":[38],"edits":[39,58,72],"to":[40,69,80],"mislead":[41],"judge":[44],"artificially":[46],"inflate":[47],"the":[48,54,75,136,157],"scores":[49,120],"it":[50],"assigns.":[51],"We":[52,133],"cast":[53],"selection":[55],"of":[56,93],"contextual":[61],"bandit":[62],"problem":[63],"use":[65],"LinUCB":[67],"policy":[68],"adaptively":[70],"choose":[71],"maximize":[74],"judge's":[76],"score":[77],"without":[78],"access":[79],"model":[81],"parameters":[82],"gradients.":[84],"Empirically,":[85],"test":[87],"across":[89],"diverse":[91],"range":[92],"judges":[95],"tasks,":[97],"including":[98],"both":[99],"pointwise":[100],"pairwise":[102],"comparisons":[103],"on":[104,124],"chatbot":[105],"leaderboards":[106],"AI-reviewer":[108],"benchmarks.":[109],"achieves":[111],"attack":[113],"success":[114],"rate":[115],"exceeding":[116],"65%":[117],"raises":[119],"by":[121],"1-2":[122],"points":[123],"9-point":[126],"scale,":[127],"all":[128],"while":[129],"preserving":[130],"semantic":[131],"equivalence.":[132],"further":[134],"assess":[135],"attack's":[137],"stealthiness,":[138],"showing":[139],"evades":[142],"standard":[143],"style-control":[144],"methods":[145],"several":[147],"detection":[148],"baselines.":[149],"Our":[150,165],"findings":[151],"expose":[152],"fundamental":[154],"weakness":[155],"LLM-as-a-judge":[158],"paradigm":[159],"motivate":[161],"robust,":[162],"attack-aware":[163],"evaluation.":[164],"code":[166],"is":[167],"available":[168],"at":[169],"https://github.com/xianglinyang/llm-as-a-judge-attack.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-05-28T00:00:00"}
