{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162456243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.25446","title":"A Signal-Language Foundation Model for Broad-Spectrum Cardiovascular Assessment from Routine Electrocardiography","display_name":"A Signal-Language Foundation Model for Broad-Spectrum Cardiovascular Assessment from Routine Electrocardiography","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162456243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.25446"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.25446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.25446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.25446","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137050054","display_name":"Ziqing Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu, Ziqing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137039959","display_name":"Yuhui Tao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao, Yuhui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137002653","display_name":"Jiayu Huo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huo, Jiayu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137053528","display_name":"Lei Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan, Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137004365","display_name":"Zilong Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao, Zilong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048102847","display_name":"J M Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Juecheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137044607","display_name":"Xiao Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065255537","display_name":"Jianxuan Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Jianxuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137020141","display_name":"You Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, You","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100655054","display_name":"Zhixing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2889-5059"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Zhixing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136999897","display_name":"Cong Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Cong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137017810","display_name":"Beijian Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Beijian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137061525","display_name":"Chen Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137073607","display_name":"Hongyang Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu, Hongyang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027294886","display_name":"Konstantinos Patlatzoglou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5888-8490"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patlatzoglou, Konstantinos","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137059240","display_name":"Daniel B. Kramer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kramer, Daniel B.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136006858","display_name":"Jonathan W. Waks","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waks, Jonathan W.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137058478","display_name":"Yangang Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su, Yangang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124237031","display_name":"Fu Siong Ng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ng, Fu Siong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137006689","display_name":"Shuo Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Shuo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137023173","display_name":"Yixiu Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang, Yixiu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137028020","display_name":"Junbo Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge, Junbo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.8616999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.8616999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10065","display_name":"Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes","score":0.07460000365972519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.033900000154972076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrocardiography","display_name":"Electrocardiography","score":0.7073000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrial-fibrillation","display_name":"Atrial fibrillation","score":0.5019000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myocardial-infarction","display_name":"Myocardial infarction","score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conduction-abnormalities","display_name":"Conduction abnormalities","score":0.39890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.3801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.3449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.31850001215934753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780040984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79785","display_name":"Electrocardiography","level":2,"score":0.7073000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.670199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.5181999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779161974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815819","display_name":"Atrial fibrillation","level":2,"score":0.5019000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500558357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12152","display_name":"Myocardial infarction","level":2,"score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.46149998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909456097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189331","display_name":"Conduction abnormalities","level":2,"score":0.39890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3862999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.3801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.3449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175079658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7312165","display_name":"Remote patient monitoring","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777356233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1001150","display_name":"Fibrillation","level":3,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778198053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181754","display_name":"Heart failure","level":2,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781005686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848662","display_name":"Ventricular fibrillation","level":2,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778050738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17157161","display_name":"Myocardial infarction diagnosis","level":3,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780074459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389735","display_name":"Heart disease","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777798775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207550","display_name":"Infarction","level":3,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.25446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.25446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.25446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.25446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6946744322776794,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electrocardiography":[0],"(ECG)":[1],"is":[2],"central":[3],"to":[4,14],"cardiovascular":[5,212],"care,":[6],"but":[7],"conventional":[8],"AI":[9],"models":[10],"are":[11],"often":[12],"restricted":[13],"common":[15,208],"arrhythmias":[16,209],"and":[17,57,87,105,122,140,150,161,182,214,219],"may":[18],"generalize":[19],"poorly":[20],"across":[21,132],"populations":[22],"or":[23,169],"clinically":[24,186],"subtle":[25],"diseases.":[26],"We":[27],"developed":[28],"ECG":[29,41,52,82,205],"Contrastive":[30],"Language-Image":[31],"Pre-training":[32],"(ECGCLIP),":[33],"a":[34,60],"signal-language":[35],"contrastive":[36,200],"learning":[37],"framework":[38],"that":[39,197],"aligns":[40],"waveforms":[42],"with":[43,129,153,174,190],"expert":[44],"diagnostic":[45],"reports.":[46],"ECGCLIP":[47,98,164],"was":[48,165],"pre-trained":[49],"on":[50,59],"2,837,962":[51],"studies":[53],"from":[54],"1,324,856":[55],"patients":[56],"evaluated":[58],"held-out":[61],"internal":[62,110,154],"test":[63,111],"set":[64],"plus":[65],"nine":[66],"independent":[67],"external":[68,134],"cohorts":[69],"comprising":[70],"about":[71],"1.5":[72],"million":[73],"ECGs.":[74],"Evaluation":[75],"covered":[76],"89":[77],"downstream":[78],"tasks,":[79],"including":[80,144],"45":[81],"diagnoses,":[83],"39":[84],"echocardiographic":[85,218],"targets,":[86],"5":[88],"rare":[89,220],"cardiac":[90,151],"diseases,":[91,143],"using":[92],"PRAUC":[93,155],"as":[94],"the":[95,109],"primary":[96],"metric.":[97],"consistently":[99],"improved":[100,138],"performance":[101,116,173],"over":[102],"random":[103],"initialization":[104],"Merl-R18":[106],"baselines.":[107],"On":[108],"set,":[112],"ECGCLIP-R34":[113],"achieved":[114],"strong":[115],"for":[117],"atrial":[118],"fibrillation":[119],"(PRAUC":[120,127],"0.900)":[121],"ST-segment":[123],"elevation":[124],"myocardial":[125],"infarction":[126],"0.383),":[128],"robust":[130],"generalization":[131],"all":[133],"cohorts.":[135],"It":[136],"also":[137],"low-prevalence":[139],"diagnostically":[141],"elusive":[142],"Ebstein":[145],"anomaly,":[146],"constrictive":[147],"pericarditis,":[148],"dextrocardia,":[149],"amyloidosis,":[152],"values":[156],"of":[157,177,217],"0.253,":[158],"0.175,":[159],"0.121,":[160],"0.201,":[162],"respectively.":[163],"data":[166],"efficient,":[167],"matching":[168],"exceeding":[170],"full-dataset":[171],"baseline":[172],"only":[175],"10%":[176],"training":[178],"data.":[179],"Feature":[180],"visualization":[181],"saliency":[183],"analysis":[184],"suggested":[185],"meaningful":[187],"representations":[188],"aligned":[189],"established":[191],"electrocardiographic":[192],"criteria.":[193],"These":[194],"findings":[195],"indicate":[196],"large-scale":[198],"ECG-report":[199],"pre-training":[201],"can":[202],"expand":[203],"routine":[204],"interpretation":[206],"beyond":[207],"toward":[210],"broad":[211],"assessment":[213],"opportunistic":[215],"screening":[216],"conditions.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-27T00:00:00"}