{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162468881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24832","title":"Optimus: Elastic Decoding for Efficient Diffusion LLM Serving","display_name":"Optimus: Elastic Decoding for Efficient Diffusion LLM Serving","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162468881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24832"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.24832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24832","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060545776","display_name":"Chiyue Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8815-7948"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei, Chiyue","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137037336","display_name":"Cong Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo, Cong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137050367","display_name":"Bowen Duan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duan, Bowen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137007162","display_name":"Junyao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Junyao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100585144","display_name":"Haoxuan Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9671-6713"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan, Haoxuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137074592","display_name":"Yifei Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Yifei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137084792","display_name":"Yangjie Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Yangjie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137055932","display_name":"Hai \"Helen\" Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Hai \"Helen\"","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136996196","display_name":"Danyang Zhuo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo, Danyang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137019776","display_name":"Yiran Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Yiran","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.10899999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.10899999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.10130000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.0828000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.8804000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.7544000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.612500011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.607699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4596000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4327000081539154}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.8804000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.7544000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.612500011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.607699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4596000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4327000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4120999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.34470000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778915421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3643177","display_name":"Performance improvement","level":2,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193969084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452500","display_name":"Sequential decoding","level":4,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16320812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812200","display_name":"Idle","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.24832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.24832","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"model":[2,162],"(LLM)":[3],"serving":[4,81,87,195],"is":[5,107,203],"fundamentally":[6],"limited":[7],"by":[8,29,96],"inefficient":[9],"hardware":[10],"utilization.":[11],"Autoregressive":[12],"(AR)":[13],"decoding":[14,30,39,75,92,99,110,176],"underutilizes":[15],"GPUs":[16],"due":[17],"to":[18,101,108,170],"its":[19],"strictly":[20],"sequential":[21],"execution,":[22],"while":[23,160,184],"diffusion":[24,38,94,182],"LLMs":[25,95],"(DLLMs)":[26],"improve":[27],"throughput":[28,67,172],"multiple":[31],"tokens":[32],"per":[33],"iteration.":[34],"However,":[35],"fixed":[36],"block-size":[37],"exhibits":[40],"strong":[41],"load":[42,190],"sensitivity:":[43],"large":[44],"blocks":[45],"exploit":[46],"idle":[47],"GPU":[48,118],"resources":[49],"under":[50,61,197],"low":[51],"load,":[52],"but":[53],"saturate":[54],"early":[55],"and":[56,72,120,151,177,192],"incur":[57],"substantial":[58],"redundant":[59],"computation":[60],"high":[62],"load.":[63,103],"As":[64],"a":[65,86,113,136],"result,":[66],"gains":[68],"vanish":[69],"beyond":[70],"saturation,":[71],"no":[73],"single":[74],"granularity":[76,100,111],"performs":[77],"well":[78],"across":[79,188],"dynamic":[80],"workloads.":[82],"We":[83],"present":[84],"Optimus,":[85],"system":[88],"that":[89,139,166],"enables":[90,128],"elastic":[91],"for":[93],"dynamically":[97],"adapting":[98],"runtime":[102,114,145],"The":[104,200],"key":[105],"idea":[106],"treat":[109],"as":[112],"control":[115],"variable,":[116],"balancing":[117],"utilization":[119],"token":[121],"efficiency.":[122],"Optimus":[123,155,167],"combines":[124],"chunked":[125],"decoding,":[126],"which":[127],"fine-grained":[129],"execution":[130],"without":[131],"retraining,":[132],"with":[133,148],"saturation-aware":[134],"scheduling,":[135],"closed-loop":[137],"mechanism":[138],"selects":[140],"chunk":[141],"sizes":[142],"based":[143],"on":[144],"conditions.":[146],"Together":[147],"system-level":[149],"optimizations":[150],"customized":[152],"attention":[153],"kernels,":[154],"achieves":[156],"significant":[157],"performance":[158,187],"improvements":[159],"preserving":[161],"accuracy.":[163],"Experiments":[164],"show":[165],"delivers":[168],"up":[169],"6.1x":[171],"improvement":[173,179],"over":[174,180],"AR":[175],"4.3x":[178],"fixed-block":[181],"LLM,":[183],"maintaining":[185],"stable":[186],"diverse":[189],"regimes":[191],"improving":[193],"end-to-end":[194],"capacity":[196],"latency":[198],"constraints.":[199],"source":[201],"code":[202],"available":[204],"at":[205],"https://github.com/dubcyfor3/Optimus.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-27T00:00:00"}
