{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162418465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24782","title":"The Perception-Physics Paradox: Probing Scientific Alignment with TC-Bench","display_name":"The Perception-Physics Paradox: Probing Scientific Alignment with TC-Bench","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162418465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24782"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.24782","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24782","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052059947","display_name":"Dingling Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao, Dingling","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058628455","display_name":"A. Polesello","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Polesello, Andrea","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136995032","display_name":"Adeel Pervez","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pervez, Adeel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137029425","display_name":"Caroline Muller","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muller, Caroline","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073157306","display_name":"Francesco Locatello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4850-0683"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Locatello, Francesco","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.13930000364780426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11483","display_name":"Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research","score":0.13930000364780426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.0551999993622303,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.05249999836087227,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operationalization","display_name":"Operationalization","score":0.535099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.40290001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.37630000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.35910001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.335999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6467000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.535099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.40290001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38119998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.37630000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.35910001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781083858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17327049","display_name":"Scientific literature","level":2,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992562121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3817808","display_name":"Scientific reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116409475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385056","display_name":"External Data Representation","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.24782","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.24782","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"Vision":[1],"Foundation":[2],"Models":[3],"(VFMs)":[4],"excel":[5],"at":[6],"predictive":[7],"tasks":[8],"on":[9,142],"satellite":[10],"imagery,":[11],"their":[12],"performance":[13],"can":[14],"arise":[15,156],"from":[16],"visual":[17,143],"correlations":[18],"rather":[19],"than":[20],"underlying":[21],"structural":[22,80],"invariants,":[23],"making":[24],"even":[25],"perception-based":[26],"out-of-distribution":[27],"accuracy":[28],"a":[29,36,45,72,93,99,106,122,158],"poor":[30],"proxy":[31],"for":[32,64,110,132],"scientific":[33,58,68,77,152],"utility.":[34],"As":[35],"result,":[37],"models":[38],"may":[39],"look":[40],"correct":[41],"without":[42],"reasoning":[43],"correctly,":[44],"discrepancy":[46],"we":[47,56,119],"term":[48],"the":[49],"Perception-Physics":[50],"Paradox.":[51],"To":[52,115],"address":[53],"this":[54,117],"gap,":[55],"introduce":[57],"alignment":[59,78,153],"as":[60,157],"an":[61,128],"implicit":[62],"objective":[63],"representation":[65],"learning":[66],"in":[67,147],"domains.":[69],"We":[70],"study":[71],"principled,":[73],"testable":[74],"aspect":[75],"of":[76,101,161],"through":[79],"isomorphism,":[81],"which":[82],"requires":[83],"latent":[84],"representations":[85],"to":[86,92],"uniquely":[87],"identify":[88],"physical":[89,111],"systems":[90],"up":[91],"linear":[94],"reparameterization.":[95],"This":[96],"perspective":[97],"induces":[98],"hierarchy":[100],"necessary":[102],"conditions":[103],"and":[104,112,136],"yields":[105],"systematic":[107],"probing":[108],"protocol":[109],"causal":[113],"interpretability.":[114],"operationalize":[116],"framework,":[118],"release":[120],"TC-Bench,":[121],"global,":[123],"reproducible":[124],"benchmark":[125],"dataset":[126],"with":[127],"automated":[129],"construction":[130],"pipeline":[131],"tropical":[133],"cyclone":[134],"research,":[135],"show":[137],"that":[138,145,151],"current":[139],"VFMs":[140],"rely":[141],"shortcuts":[144],"collapse":[146],"intense":[148],"regimes,":[149],"indicating":[150],"does":[154],"not":[155],"natural":[159],"byproduct":[160],"scaling":[162],"alone.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-27T00:00:00"}