{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162465442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24419","title":"Explicit Ensemble Mean Synchronization for Time Scale Generation with Mixed Atomic Clock Ensembles","display_name":"Explicit Ensemble Mean Synchronization for Time Scale Generation with Mixed Atomic Clock Ensembles","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162465442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24419"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.24419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24419","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111267256","display_name":"Priyanka Dey","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dey, Priyanka","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137014744","display_name":"Takahiro Kawaguchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kawaguchi, Takahiro","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137009997","display_name":"Yuichiro Yano","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yano, Yuichiro","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079459407","display_name":"Yuko Hanado","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanado, Yuko","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137034905","display_name":"Takayuki Ishizaki","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ishizaki, Takayuki","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.8519999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.8519999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":0.06109999865293503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.016899999231100082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unobservable","display_name":"Unobservable","score":0.6913999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.5896000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.522599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-intersection","display_name":"Covariance intersection","score":0.4903999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.42750000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.40450000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.39969998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-synchronization","display_name":"Clock synchronization","score":0.3813000023365021}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780695315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799040","display_name":"Unobservable","level":2,"score":0.6913999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.5896000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5674999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.522599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83042196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5178898","display_name":"Covariance intersection","level":4,"score":0.4903999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4578999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4528000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42750000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.40450000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.39969998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129891060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513059","display_name":"Clock synchronization","level":4,"score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79334102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072268","display_name":"Ensemble Kalman filter","level":4,"score":0.36880001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.36039999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.3571999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42747912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048447","display_name":"Multiplicative function","level":2,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840396","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","level":2,"score":0.32679998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196597080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q227467","display_name":"Atomic clock","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60292330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1014065","display_name":"Hadamard transform","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150679823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5436946","display_name":"Fast Kalman filter","level":4,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55689738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15963867","display_name":"Discrete time and continuous time","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.24419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.24419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24419","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,86],"this":[1,87],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,42,89],"consider":[4],"a":[5,9,44,71],"mixed":[6,20,84],"ensemble":[7,78,105],"containing":[8],"mixture":[10],"of":[11,33,94,107,138,172],"cesium-type":[12],"and":[13],"hydrogen":[14],"maser-type":[15],"atomic":[16],"clocks.":[17],"For":[18],"the":[19,22,34,62,65,83,91,98,103,108,111,117,121,126,135,139,144,149,170],"ensemble,":[21],"conventional":[23],"Kalman":[24,45,67],"filtering":[25,46],"algorithm":[26,47,75,81],"has":[27],"certain":[28],"limitations":[29],"due":[30],"to":[31,69,102,168],"divergence":[32],"error":[35],"covariance":[36],"matrix.":[37],"To":[38],"overcome":[39],"these":[40],"limitations,":[41],"obtain":[43],"based":[48],"on":[49],"observable":[50],"canonical":[51],"decomposition":[52],"that":[53],"does":[54],"not":[55],"have":[56],"any":[57],"diverging":[58],"terms.":[59],"We":[60],"use":[61],"estimates":[63],"from":[64,97],"transformed":[66],"filter":[68],"propose":[70],"time":[72,92,141,146],"scale":[73,142],"generation":[74],"called":[76],"explicit":[77],"mean":[79,106],"synchronization":[80],"for":[82],"ensemble.":[85],"algorithm,":[88],"synchronize":[90],"deviation":[93],"each":[95],"clock":[96,100],"ideal":[99],"behavior":[101],"unobservable":[104,127],"phases":[109],"where":[110],"weighting":[112],"can":[113],"be":[114],"decided":[115],"by":[116,148,160],"user.":[118],"By":[119],"regulating":[120],"free-running":[122],"dynamics":[123],"associated":[124],"with":[125],"state,":[128],"through":[129],"choosing":[130],"an":[131],"appropriate":[132],"weight":[133],"vector,":[134],"frequency":[136],"stability":[137],"generated":[140],"or":[143],"synchronized":[145],"shared":[147],"clocks":[150],"is":[151,166],"optimized":[152],"over":[153],"shorter":[154],"(resp.":[155],"longer)":[156],"intervals,":[157],"as":[158],"measured":[159],"Hadamard":[161],"variance.":[162],"An":[163],"illustrative":[164],"example":[165],"given":[167],"demonstrate":[169],"efficiency":[171],"our":[173],"algorithm.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-05-27T00:00:00"}
