{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162399780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24399","title":"ConceptM$^3$oE: Concept-Guided Multimodal Mixture of Experts for Interpretable Computational Pathology","display_name":"ConceptM$^3$oE: Concept-Guided Multimodal Mixture of Experts for Interpretable Computational Pathology","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162399780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24399"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.24399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24399","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137022100","display_name":"Xuan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Xuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137024721","display_name":"Zhongling Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Zhongling","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137018942","display_name":"Gopi Kannedhara","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kannedhara, Gopi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045611808","display_name":"Joakim Nguyen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nguyen, Joakim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137079966","display_name":"Jian Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu, Jian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136996821","display_name":"Jinrui Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang, Jinrui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137052584","display_name":"Abdurrahmaan Baghdadi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baghdadi, Abdurrahmaan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137018205","display_name":"Tianlong Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Tianlong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077790515","display_name":"Awais Naeem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3464-2418"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naeem, Awais","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137031478","display_name":"Chandra Krishnan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krishnan, Chandra","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127946528","display_name":"Edward Castillo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Castillo, Edward","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066569995","display_name":"Andrew H. Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9356-9156"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song, Andrew H.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023797933","display_name":"Ankita Shukla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1878-2667"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shukla, Ankita","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136996722","display_name":"Ying Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ding, Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067091221","display_name":"Nicholas Konz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0230-1598"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konz, Nicholas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137082042","display_name":"Hairong Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Hairong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":16,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.38350000977516174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.38350000977516174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.10090000182390213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.06790000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.6053000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5927000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5005999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.41530001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.3716999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.35850000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-medicine","display_name":"Personalized medicine","score":0.3546000123023987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7257999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6111000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.6053000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5927000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5591999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5005999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41530001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.3716999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.35850000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32220436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072214","display_name":"Personalized medicine","level":2,"score":0.3546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.32679998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.31929999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163763905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075943","display_name":"Precision medicine","level":2,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.24399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.24399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.24399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6864156126976013}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Healthcare":[0],"models":[1,44,162],"are":[2,84],"transitioning":[3],"from":[4,181],"unimodal":[5],"prediction":[6],"toward":[7,213],"multimodal":[8],"reasoning":[9,165],"over":[10],"heterogeneous":[11],"diagnostic":[12,37,55],"inputs.":[13],"In":[14,172],"computational":[15],"pathology,":[16],"for":[17],"complex":[18,226],"tumor":[19,148],"subtypes":[20],"where":[21],"morphology":[22,98],"alone":[23],"can":[24],"be":[25],"challenging":[26],"to":[27,47,94,118,122,130,160,183,190],"distinguish,":[28],"pathology":[29],"reports":[30],"and":[31,80,99,128,150,221],"molecular":[32],"measurements":[33],"may":[34],"provide":[35],"additional":[36],"evidence":[38,76],"alongside":[39,141],"whole-slide":[40],"images,":[41],"yet":[42],"existing":[43],"often":[45],"fail":[46],"clarify":[48],"how":[49],"diverse":[50],"signals":[51,121],"assemble":[52],"into":[53,77,87],"recognizable":[54],"concepts.":[56,101],"We":[57],"propose":[58],"ConceptM$^3$oE":[59,175],"(Concept":[60],"Multimodal":[61],"MoE),":[62],"which":[63,83],"embeds":[64],"concept":[65,89,205],"formation":[66],"directly":[67,129],"within":[68,115],"interaction-aware":[69],"mixture-of-experts":[70],"(MoE)":[71],"pathways.":[72],"The":[73],"architecture":[74],"decomposes":[75],"modality-specific,":[78],"redundant,":[79],"synergistic":[81],"experts,":[82],"then":[85],"projected":[86],"structured":[88],"bottlenecks":[90],"mapping":[91],"latent":[92],"features":[93],"a":[95,151,210],"hierarchy":[96],"of":[97,108,204,228],"biomarker":[100],"To":[102],"prevent":[103],"the":[104,126,131,155,201,225],"information":[105],"loss":[106],"typical":[107],"interpretable":[109],"bottlenecks,":[110],"we":[111],"utilize":[112],"residual":[113],"pathways":[114],"each":[116],"expert":[117],"allow":[119],"task-relevant":[120],"flow":[123],"both":[124],"through":[125],"concepts":[127],"final":[132],"task":[133],"prediction,":[134],"so":[135],"that":[136,217],"high":[137],"performance":[138,159],"is":[139,218],"maintained":[140],"interpretability.":[142],"Across":[143],"an":[144,169],"institutional":[145],"pediatric":[146],"brain":[147],"cohort":[149],"public":[152],"glioma":[153],"cohort,":[154],"framework":[156],"delivers":[157],"competitive":[158],"unconstrained":[161],"while":[163,193],"producing":[164],"traces":[166],"validated":[167],"by":[168],"independent":[170],"neuropathologist.":[171],"data-limited":[173],"regimes,":[174],"improves":[176],"limited-data":[177],"performance,":[178],"increasing":[179],"macro-F1":[180],"56.41%":[182],"66.70%":[184],"at":[185],"small":[186],"training":[187,197],"sizes":[188],"compared":[189],"non-concept-informed":[191],"baselines,":[192],"also":[194],"showing":[195],"faster":[196],"convergence":[198],"consistent":[199],"with":[200,224],"regularizing":[202],"effect":[203],"learning.":[206],"This":[207],"work":[208],"offers":[209],"scalable":[211],"path":[212],"high-performance":[214],"medical":[215],"AI":[216],"inherently":[219],"verifiable":[220],"better":[222],"aligned":[223],"decision-making":[227],"clinical":[229],"practice.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-27T00:00:00"}