{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162456965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.23970","title":"Faithful or Fabricated? A Causal Framework for Rationalization Bias in LLM Judges","display_name":"Faithful or Fabricated? A Causal Framework for Rationalization Bias in LLM Judges","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162456965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.23970"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.23970","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.23970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.23970","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137048452","display_name":"Riya Tapwal","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tapwal, Riya","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137009175","display_name":"Abhishek Kumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kumar, Abhishek","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137043935","display_name":"Carsten Maple","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maple, Carsten","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.8784999847412109,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.8784999847412109,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.016300000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.014100000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anchoring","display_name":"Anchoring","score":0.5521000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhetoric","display_name":"Rhetoric","score":0.5013999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rationalization","display_name":"Rationalization (economics)","score":0.4571000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.428600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-summarization","display_name":"Automatic summarization","score":0.4034999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hawthorne-effect","display_name":"Hawthorne effect","score":0.3474999964237213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18483071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168432","display_name":"Anchoring","level":2,"score":0.5521000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5514000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1370556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81009","display_name":"Rhetoric","level":2,"score":0.5013999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52438962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1555139","display_name":"Rationalization (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4571000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.43369999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.428600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170858558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394144","display_name":"Automatic summarization","level":2,"score":0.4034999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195768694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18570","display_name":"Hawthorne effect","level":2,"score":0.3474999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776325391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6917865","display_name":"Motivated reasoning","level":3,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777179996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911222","display_name":"Mistake","level":2,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7991579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17955","display_name":"Criticism","level":2,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79585631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431498","display_name":"Confirmation bias","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11671645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567","display_name":"Causal model","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90329073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914232","display_name":"Ask price","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.23970","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.23970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.23970","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.23970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2,128],"(LLMs)":[3],"are":[4,42,55],"increasingly":[5],"used":[6],"as":[7,21],"automatic":[8],"judges":[9,41],"for":[10],"summarization":[11],"and":[12,24,48,75,82,88,93,102,105,112,129,138],"dialogue":[13],"evaluation.":[14],"Prior":[15],"work":[16],"has":[17],"documented":[18],"biases":[19],"such":[20],"position,":[22],"verbosity,":[23],"style":[25],"preferences,":[26],"but":[27],"largely":[28],"focuses":[29],"on":[30],"outcomes,":[31],"leaving":[32],"judge":[33],"explanations":[34,49],"underexplored.":[35],"We":[36,63,96],"instead":[37],"ask":[38],"whether":[39,45],"LLM":[40],"cue-invariant,":[43],"i.e.,":[44],"their":[46],"rankings":[47],"remain":[50],"stable":[51],"when":[52],"non-evidential":[53],"cues":[54],"perturbed":[56],"while":[57,141],"holding":[58],"the":[59],"underlying":[60],"texts":[61],"fixed.":[62],"introduce":[64],"a":[65,119],"suite":[66],"of":[67,122],"cue":[68,145],"interventions":[69],"(Blind,":[70],"Truth,":[71],"Flip,":[72],"Placebo,":[73],"Reveal-After)":[74],"tie-aware":[76],"metrics":[77],"that":[78],"quantify":[79],"outcome":[80],"anchoring":[81,98],"rationale":[83],"anchoring,":[84],"including":[85],"label-aligned":[86],"rhetoric":[87],"explanation":[89],"drift,":[90],"alongside":[91],"consistency":[92],"stereotype-intrusion":[94],"checks.":[95],"design":[97],"attacks":[99],"using":[100],"verbosity":[101],"confidence":[103],"cues,":[104],"compare":[106],"two":[107],"mitigations:":[108],"structured":[109],"chain-of-thought":[110],"prompting":[111],"PROOF-BEFORE-PREFERENCE":[113,142],"(evidence":[114],"lock,":[115],"score,":[116],"rank).":[117],"Using":[118],"new":[120],"dataset":[121],"1,000":[123],"summaries":[124],"from":[125],"traditional":[126],"extractive":[127],"LLMs,":[130],"we":[131],"find":[132],"substantial":[133],"cue-anchored":[134],"rationalization":[135],"under":[136],"label":[137],"placebo":[139],"perturbations,":[140],"markedly":[143],"improves":[144],"invariance":[146],"over":[147],"baselines.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-27T00:00:00"}
