{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162452225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.23965","title":"LGMT: Logic-Grounded Metamorphic Testing for Evaluating the Reasoning Reliability of LLMs","display_name":"LGMT: Logic-Grounded Metamorphic Testing for Evaluating the Reasoning Reliability of LLMs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162452225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.23965"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.23965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.23965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.23965","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024100506","display_name":"Zenghui Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1824-6979"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Zenghui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136992066","display_name":"Man Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Man","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020347590","display_name":"Xiaoke Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang, Xiaoke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137074598","display_name":"Xinyi Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Xinyi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137035280","display_name":"Weibin Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin, Weibin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137031829","display_name":"Zheng Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9312-6582"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng, Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.5073999762535095,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.5073999762535095,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.15960000455379486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.04450000077486038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.8098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6288999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-reasoning","display_name":"Automated reasoning","score":0.569100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.45820000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-consequence","display_name":"Logical consequence","score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4339999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.8098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6323999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6288999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.569100022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.45820000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134752490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374182","display_name":"Logical consequence","level":2,"score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43971567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3142865","display_name":"Logical reasoning","level":2,"score":0.4203999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21847791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191081","display_name":"Logical conjunction","level":2,"score":0.3671000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97364631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484284","display_name":"Deductive reasoning","level":2,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775940519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17067742","display_name":"Logic model","level":2,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33762810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461671","display_name":"Data integrity","level":2,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89288958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7301504","display_name":"Reasoning system","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.23965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.23965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.23965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.23965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"Language":[1],"Models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"achieve":[4],"strong":[5],"performance":[6],"on":[7,19,77],"logical":[8,60,133],"reasoning":[9,34,70,144],"benchmarks,":[10,21],"yet":[11],"their":[12],"reliability":[13],"remains":[14],"uncertain.":[15],"Existing":[16],"evaluations":[17],"rely":[18],"static":[20],"which":[22],"fail":[23],"to":[24,50,101],"assess":[25],"robustness":[26,131],"under":[27,132],"logically":[28],"equivalent":[29],"transformations":[30],"and":[31,68,103,106,139],"often":[32],"overestimate":[33],"capability.":[35],"We":[36,93],"propose":[37],"LGMT":[38,62,83,135],"(Logic-Grounded":[39],"Metamorphic":[40],"Testing),":[41],"an":[42],"oracle-free":[43],"framework":[44],"that":[45,82,96,107,122],"leverages":[46],"first-order":[47],"logic":[48],"(FOL)":[49],"evaluate":[51],"LLM":[52,123],"reasoning.":[53],"By":[54],"deriving":[55],"metamorphic":[56],"relations":[57],"from":[58],"formal":[59],"equivalences,":[61],"constructs":[63],"semantically":[64],"invariant":[65],"test":[66],"cases":[67],"detects":[69],"defects":[71,87],"through":[72],"cross-case":[73],"consistency":[74],"checking.":[75],"Experiments":[76],"six":[78],"state-of-the-art":[79],"LLMs":[80],"show":[81],"exposes":[84],"substantial":[85],"hidden":[86],"missed":[88],"by":[89],"traditional":[90],"reference-based":[91],"evaluations.":[92],"further":[94],"find":[95],"models":[97],"are":[98],"particularly":[99],"sensitive":[100],"symbol-level":[102],"conclusion-level":[104],"variations,":[105],"advanced":[108],"prompting":[109],"such":[110],"as":[111],"Few-shot":[112],"CoT":[113],"only":[114],"partially":[115],"mitigates":[116],"these":[117],"issues.":[118],"These":[119],"results":[120],"suggest":[121],"evaluation":[124],"should":[125],"move":[126],"beyond":[127],"isolated":[128],"correctness":[129],"toward":[130],"invariance.":[134],"provides":[136],"a":[137],"principled":[138],"scalable":[140],"approach":[141],"for":[142],"diagnosing":[143],"failures.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-27T00:00:00"}