{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162332858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.23218","title":"Foundation Protocol: A Coordination Layer for Agentic Society","display_name":"Foundation Protocol: A Coordination Layer for Agentic Society","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162332858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.23218"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.23218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.23218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.23218","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136897175","display_name":"Bang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Bang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103165522","display_name":"Yongfeng Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0689-6568"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gu, Yongfeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136909230","display_name":"Jiayi Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Jiayi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136929328","display_name":"Zhaoyang Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu, Zhaoyang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056611458","display_name":"Sirui Hong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong, Sirui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136120272","display_name":"Maojia Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song, Maojia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086951846","display_name":"Xiaoqiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7109-644X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Xiaoqiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136941461","display_name":"Mingyi Deng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deng, Mingyi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136923800","display_name":"Zijie Zhuang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuang, Zijie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101719822","display_name":"Ronghao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4478-0828"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Ronghao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136935460","display_name":"Mingzhe Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cao, Mingzhe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136910684","display_name":"Yutong Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu, Yutong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136951739","display_name":"Xingjian Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Xingjian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136911532","display_name":"Yifan Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Yifan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136954406","display_name":"Jianhao Ruan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruan, Jianhao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136925731","display_name":"Yiran Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng, Yiran","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136989204","display_name":"Shuangrui Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Shuangrui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136938729","display_name":"Jinlin Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Jinlin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136907253","display_name":"Yizhang Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin, Yizhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136947777","display_name":"Dongjie Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Dongjie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034229584","display_name":"Dekun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5518-093X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Dekun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136904361","display_name":"Chen Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma, Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136933249","display_name":"Lizi Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liao, Lizi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136907114","display_name":"Han Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu, Han","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136926978","display_name":"Jian Pei","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei, Jian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136942098","display_name":"Heng Ji","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji, Heng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136987869","display_name":"Qiang Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Qiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136921598","display_name":"Yuyu Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9530-3327"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luo, Yuyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136954874","display_name":"Chenglin Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Chenglin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":29,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.0957999974489212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.0957999974489212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.06019999831914902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.04410000145435333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.657800018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.6195999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.6123999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.5978999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","score":0.5256999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.5103999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.4553999900817871}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.657800018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.6195999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.6123999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.5978999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5256999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.5103999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4553999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.4097000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.39160001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.38510000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3626999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132829578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581151","display_name":"Situated","level":2,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32802771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443617","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.25429999828338623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.23218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.23218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.23218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.23218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5354999899864197,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"agents":[1],"are":[2],"moving":[3],"from":[4,33],"tools":[5],"into":[6],"a":[7,69,160],"layer":[8,72],"of":[9],"social":[10],"infrastructure:":[11],"they":[12],"browse,":[13],"purchase,":[14],"deploy":[15],"software,":[16],"manage":[17],"systems,":[18],"and":[19,54,57,88,90,95,106,108,112,122,136,167],"increasingly":[20],"interact":[21],"with":[22],"one":[23],"another.":[24],"As":[25],"these":[26],"systems":[27],"scale,":[28],"the":[29,65],"bottleneck":[30],"shifts":[31],"away":[32],"raw":[34],"model":[35],"capability":[36],"toward":[37],"coordination.":[38],"Agents":[39],"need":[40],"to":[41,120,142],"form":[42],"reliable":[43],"relationships,":[44],"organize":[45],"multi-agent":[46],"work,":[47],"exchange":[48],"value,":[49],"support":[50],"an":[51,74],"AI":[52],"economy,":[53],"stay":[55],"safe":[56],"accountable":[58],"under":[59],"real-world":[60],"oversight.":[61],"This":[62],"paper":[63],"introduces":[64],"Foundation":[66],"Protocol":[67],"(FP),":[68],"graph-first":[70],"coordination":[71,153],"for":[73,103,159],"emerging":[75],"human-AI":[76,161],"society.":[77],"FP":[78,117],"unifies":[79],"heterogeneous":[80],"entities,":[81],"including":[82],"agents,":[83],"tools,":[84],"resources,":[85],"humans,":[86],"institutions,":[87],"organizations,":[89],"supports":[91],"native":[92],"multi-party":[93],"organization":[94],"event-based":[96],"collaboration.":[97],"It":[98],"also":[99],"provides":[100],"economic":[101],"primitives":[102],"metering,":[104],"receipts,":[105],"settlement,":[107],"treats":[109],"policy,":[110],"provenance,":[111],"audit":[113],"as":[114],"first-class":[115],"concerns.":[116],"is":[118,141,164],"designed":[119],"wrap":[121],"bridge":[123],"existing":[124],"protocols":[125],"rather":[126],"than":[127],"replace":[128],"them,":[129],"enabling":[130],"incremental":[131],"adoption":[132],"while":[133,147],"reducing":[134],"integration":[135],"governance":[137],"overhead.":[138],"The":[139],"aim":[140],"keep":[143],"autonomous":[144],"agency":[145],"composable":[146],"keeping":[148],"accountability":[149],"non-negotiable,":[150],"so":[151],"that":[152,163],"itself":[154],"can":[155],"become":[156],"shared":[157],"infrastructure":[158],"society":[162],"open,":[165],"pluralistic,":[166],"governable.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-26T00:00:00"}