{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162075160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.22447","title":"Cohesion-6K: An Arabic Dataset for Analyzing Social Cohesion and Conflict in Online Discourse","display_name":"Cohesion-6K: An Arabic Dataset for Analyzing Social Cohesion and Conflict in Online Discourse","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162075160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.22447"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.22447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.22447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.22447","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135195774","display_name":"Aisha Ali Al-Athba","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Al-Athba, Aisha Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136796431","display_name":"Wajdi Zaghouani","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaghouani, Wajdi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.21439999341964722,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.21439999341964722,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.11069999635219574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.08709999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohesion","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","score":0.6499000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.5394999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.4657999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discourse-analysis","display_name":"Discourse analysis","score":0.3871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.3100999891757965}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104054115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216828","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6499000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.5394999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.4657999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84389358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129466","display_name":"Discourse analysis","level":2,"score":0.3871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14641543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q553270","display_name":"Group cohesiveness","level":2,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780656832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796573","display_name":"Online discussion","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67469775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304922","display_name":"Social dynamics","level":2,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992826032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17945","display_name":"Public discourse","level":3,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126349790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905036","display_name":"Computational sociology","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778165684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6576792","display_name":"Online community","level":2,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776818064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829903","display_name":"Agreement","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.22447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.22447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.22447","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.22447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6198590397834778,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,95,173],"study":[1,167],"of":[2,24,54,66,74,168],"online":[3,169],"discourse":[4,76,147],"has":[5,15],"become":[6],"central":[7],"to":[8,62,72,84,149],"understanding":[9],"societal":[10],"polarization.":[11,172],"While":[12],"much":[13],"research":[14,184],"focused":[16],"on":[17],"detecting":[18],"overt":[19],"toxicity,":[20],"the":[21,28,63,166],"subtle":[22],"dynamics":[23],"social":[25,155,195],"cohesion,":[26],"meaning":[27],"interaction":[29,135],"between":[30,128],"divisive":[31,146],"and":[32,41,50,92,130,162,171,177,199],"unifying":[33],"narratives,":[34],"remain":[35],"computationally":[36],"underexplored":[37],"(Bail,":[38],"2021;":[39],"Gonzalez-Bailon":[40],"Lelkes,":[42],"2023).":[43],"This":[44,142],"paper":[45],"presents":[46],"Cohesion-6K,":[47],"a":[48,80,120,160],"manually":[49],"ChatGPT-assisted":[51],"annotated":[52],"dataset":[53],"six":[55],"thousand":[56],"Arabic":[57,154,200],"public":[58],"Facebook":[59],"posts":[60,126],"related":[61],"Israeli":[64],"Occupation":[65],"Palestine.":[67],"Each":[68],"post":[69],"is":[70],"assigned":[71],"one":[73],"five":[75],"categories":[77],"that":[78],"represent":[79],"continuum":[81],"from":[82],"conflict":[83],"cohesion:":[85],"Conflict,":[86],"Resolution,":[87],"Community":[88],"Engagement,":[89],"Supportive":[90],"Interactions,":[91],"Shared":[93],"Values.":[94],"annotation":[96,175],"process":[97],"combines":[98],"expert":[99],"human":[100],"judgment":[101],"with":[102],"model-assisted":[103],"pre-labeling":[104],"verified":[105],"by":[106],"trained":[107],"annotators,":[108],"achieving":[109],"substantial":[110],"inter-annotator":[111],"agreement":[112],"(Cohens":[113],"kappa":[114],"=":[115],"0.85).":[116],"Quantitative":[117],"analysis":[118],"reveals":[119],"consistent":[121],"engagement":[122],"gap,":[123],"where":[124],"conflict-oriented":[125],"receive":[127],"two":[129],"four":[131],"times":[132],"more":[133],"user":[134],"than":[136],"resolution-oriented":[137],"ones":[138],"(p":[139],"&lt;":[140],"0.01).":[141],"pattern":[143],"illustrates":[144],"how":[145],"tends":[148],"attract":[150],"disproportionate":[151],"visibility":[152],"in":[153,193],"media":[156],"spaces.":[157],"Cohesion-6K":[158],"provides":[159],"transparent":[161],"reproducible":[163],"resource":[164],"for":[165,183],"cohesion":[170],"dataset,":[174],"guidelines,":[176],"preprocessing":[178],"code":[179],"will":[180],"be":[181],"released":[182],"use":[185],"under":[186],"an":[187],"open":[188],"license,":[189],"supporting":[190],"future":[191],"work":[192],"computational":[194],"science,":[196],"digital":[197],"communication,":[198],"natural":[201],"language":[202],"processing.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-23T00:00:00"}
