{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162119317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.21665","title":"Planning, Scheduling, and Behavior in EV Charging Systems: A Critical Survey and Trilemma Framework","display_name":"Planning, Scheduling, and Behavior in EV Charging Systems: A Critical Survey and Trilemma Framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162119317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.21665"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.21665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.21665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.21665","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135504940","display_name":"Peiyan Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao, Peiyan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136738575","display_name":"Yuheng Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Yuheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136765281","display_name":"Ayan Mukhopadhyay","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mukhopadhyay, Ayan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021495745","display_name":"Sriharsha Ghanta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5063-0025"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghanta, Sai Krishna","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135534269","display_name":"Sabur Baidya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0245-2903"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baidya, Sabur","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008946067","display_name":"Yanhai Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0542-0181"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiong, Yanhai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrification","display_name":"Electrification","score":0.7612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6237000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equity","display_name":"Equity (law)","score":0.521399974822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trilemma","display_name":"Trilemma","score":0.5022000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4837999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence","display_name":"Interdependence","score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"Investment (military)","score":0.35109999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778324724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076056","display_name":"Electrification","level":3,"score":0.7612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6237000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.521399974822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5047000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780676692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073549","display_name":"Trilemma","level":3,"score":0.5022000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4837999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.40220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3785000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.33739998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779545769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135364","display_name":"Closeness","level":2,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778865806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060850","display_name":"Investment decisions","level":3,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778058735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4692253","display_name":"Aggregate data","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202033279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931373","display_name":"Scenario planning","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71750763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646164","display_name":"General partnership","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.21665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.21665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.21665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.21665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6214269995689392}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"growth":[2],"of":[3,22,135],"electric":[4],"vehicles":[5],"is":[6,120,158],"shifting":[7],"the":[8,18,73,115,133,141,154],"main":[9],"constraint":[10],"on":[11,196],"transport":[12],"electrification":[13],"from":[14],"vehicle":[15],"adoption":[16],"to":[17,41,94,100],"deployment":[19],"and":[20,37,49,52,62,77,105,125,148,185,192,211,219],"operation":[21],"charging":[23,46,60,63,97,205],"infrastructure.":[24],"Charging-network":[25],"design":[26],"requires":[27,131],"decisions":[28],"across":[29,128],"three":[30,142],"interdependent":[31],"layers:":[32],"Planning,":[33],"which":[34,44,54],"determines":[35],"where":[36],"how":[38,56],"much":[39],"infrastructure":[40],"build;":[42],"Scheduling,":[43],"governs":[45],"dispatch,":[47],"pricing,":[48],"grid":[50,184],"interaction;":[51],"Behavior,":[53],"captures":[55],"users":[57],"choose":[58],"stations,":[59],"times,":[61],"durations.":[64],"Existing":[65],"studies":[66],"have":[67],"advanced":[68],"each":[69,118],"layer":[70,119,157],"substantially,":[71],"but":[72,173],"literature":[74],"remains":[75],"fragmented,":[76],"cross-layer":[78],"interactions":[79],"are":[80],"often":[81],"treated":[82],"through":[83],"simplifying":[84],"assumptions.":[85],"This":[86],"survey":[87],"develops":[88],"a":[89,111,165],"three-layer":[90],"Planning-Scheduling-Behavior":[91],"(PSB)":[92],"framework":[93],"organize":[95],"EV":[96],"research":[98],"according":[99],"decision":[101],"horizon,":[102],"actor":[103],"objective,":[104],"coupling":[106],"structure.":[107],"We":[108],"further":[109],"identify":[110,200],"fidelity-tractability":[112],"tradeoff,":[113],"termed":[114],"PSB":[116],"trilemma:":[117],"computationally":[121],"difficult":[122],"in":[123,203],"isolation,":[124],"realistic":[126],"integration":[127],"layers":[129],"generally":[130],"reducing":[132],"fidelity":[134],"at":[136],"least":[137],"one":[138],"layer.":[139],"Reviewing":[140],"pairwise-coupling":[143],"literatures":[144],"-":[145,150],"Planning-Scheduling,":[146],"Scheduling-Behavior,":[147],"Planning-Behavior":[149],"we":[151,199],"show":[152],"that":[153,215],"omitted":[155],"third":[156],"typically":[159],"fixed":[160],"exogenously":[161],"or":[162,188],"represented":[163],"by":[164],"static":[166],"aggregate":[167],"surrogate.":[168],"These":[169],"simplifications":[170],"enable":[171],"tractability":[172],"impose":[174],"distinct":[175],"costs:":[176],"they":[177],"can":[178],"obscure":[179],"long-term":[180],"investment":[181],"feedback,":[182],"temporal":[183],"emissions":[186],"dynamics,":[187],"heterogeneous":[189],"user":[190],"response":[191],"equity":[193,209],"outcomes.":[194],"Building":[195],"this":[197],"diagnosis,":[198],"open":[201],"challenges":[202],"emerging":[204],"technologies,":[206],"behavioral":[207],"incentives,":[208],"metrics,":[210],"city-scale":[212],"learning-based":[213],"methods":[214],"balance":[216],"fidelity,":[217],"interpretability,":[218],"policy":[220],"relevance.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-23T00:00:00"}
