{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162016479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.21299","title":"Tracing the ongoing emergence of human-like reasoning in Large Language Models","display_name":"Tracing the ongoing emergence of human-like reasoning in Large Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162016479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.21299"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.21299","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.21299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.21299","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136666328","display_name":"Paolo Morosi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8910-5337"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morosi, Paolo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120031877","display_name":"Nikoleta Pantelidou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pantelidou, Nikoleta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136685075","display_name":"Fritz G\u00fcnther","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G\u00fcnther, Fritz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090836370","display_name":"Elena Pagliarini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8644-0984"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pagliarini, Elena","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136621695","display_name":"Evelina Leivada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3181-1917"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leivada, Evelina","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.210099995136261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.210099995136261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.15379999577999115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.09059999883174896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.5859000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.5060999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.45680001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.39750000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-architecture","display_name":"Cognitive architecture","score":0.38659998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology-of-reasoning","display_name":"Psychology of reasoning","score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"Causal inference","score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blueprint","display_name":"Blueprint","score":0.32170000672340393}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5859000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5407000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.516700029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.5060999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.4708000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.45680001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4196000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.40950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.39750000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20854674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4386060","display_name":"Cognitive architecture","level":3,"score":0.38659998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183521366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256422","display_name":"Psychology of reasoning","level":4,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158600405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054566","display_name":"Causal inference","level":2,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155911762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422321","display_name":"Blueprint","level":2,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43971567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3142865","display_name":"Logical reasoning","level":2,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11671645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567","display_name":"Causal model","level":2,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Natural language understanding","level":3,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780882242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14235582","display_name":"Literal (mathematical logic)","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.21299","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.21299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.21299","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.21299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.7934656143188477,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Humans":[0],"effortlessly":[1],"go":[2],"beyond":[3],"literal":[4],"meanings:":[5],"If":[6,34],"you":[7,14,35],"mow":[8],"the":[9,23,29,42,51,123,136,144,165,200],"lawn,":[10],"I":[11],"will":[12,25],"give":[13],"fifty":[15],"dollars,":[16],"is":[17,31,39,47,116,175,194],"typically":[18],"understood":[19],"as":[20],"implying":[21],"that":[22,45,104,191],"speaker":[24],"pay":[26],"only":[27],"if":[28],"lawn":[30],"mowed,":[32],"whereas":[33],"are":[36,157],"hungry,":[37],"there":[38],"pizza":[40,46],"in":[41,199],"oven":[43],"implies":[44],"available":[48],"regardless":[49],"of":[50,98,125,169,203],"hearers":[52],"hunger.":[53],"Large":[54],"Language":[55],"Models":[56],"-":[57,59],"LLMs":[58,86,120,156],"show":[60],"human-like":[61,153],"performance":[62],"on":[63],"many":[64],"tasks,":[65],"yet":[66],"it":[67],"remains":[68],"unclear":[69],"whether":[70],"they":[71,128],"reason":[72],"like":[73],"humans.":[74],"To":[75],"address":[76],"this,":[77],"we":[78],"conducted":[79],"a":[80,140],"population-matching":[81],"experiment":[82],"assessing":[83],"how":[84],"twentyfive":[85],"compute":[87],"conditional":[88],"inferences":[89,111],"across":[90,112,143],"four":[91],"languages,":[92],"compared":[93],"to":[94,139,163],"an":[95,196],"equal":[96],"number":[97],"humans":[99,105],"per":[100],"language.":[101],"We":[102],"find":[103],"enrich":[106],"logical":[107],"reasoning":[108,193],"through":[109],"pragmatic":[110,130,166,192],"languages.":[113],"Model":[114],"behavior":[115],"more":[117],"variable.":[118],"Some":[119],"perfectly":[121],"follow":[122],"truth-table":[124],"conditionals":[126],"but":[127,151,161],"ignore":[129],"inferences,":[131],"while":[132],"others":[133],"deviate":[134],"from":[135],"truth-table,":[137],"adhering":[138],"single":[141],"interpretation":[142],"board,":[145],"thus":[146],"reflecting":[147],"accurate":[148,158],"rule-based":[149],"processing":[150],"not":[152],"reasoning.":[154,171],"Overall,":[155],"semantic":[159],"operators,":[160],"fail":[162],"capture":[164],"enrichments":[167],"characteristic":[168],"human":[170],"Crucially,":[172],"LLM":[173],"accuracy":[174],"neither":[176],"predicted":[177],"nor":[178],"boosted":[179],"by":[180],"open":[181],"vs.":[182],"closed":[183],"status,":[184],"training":[185],"orientation,":[186],"or":[187],"architecture":[188],"type,":[189],"suggesting":[190],"still":[195],"emerging":[197],"ability":[198],"cognitive":[201],"toolkit":[202],"artificial":[204],"systems.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-22T00:00:00"}