{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162028210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.20873","title":"PlanningBench: Generating Scalable and Verifiable Planning Data for Evaluating and Training Large Language Models","display_name":"PlanningBench: Generating Scalable and Verifiable Planning Data for Evaluating and Training Large Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162028210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.20873"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.20873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.20873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.20873","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136711168","display_name":"Ziliang Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao, Ziliang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043757700","display_name":"Zenan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1662-0063"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Zenan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136677461","display_name":"Shuting Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Shuting","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136708610","display_name":"Hongjin Qian","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian, Hongjin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136655310","display_name":"Yan Lei","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei, Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136697395","display_name":"Minda Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu, Minda","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136693870","display_name":"Zhao Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136648672","display_name":"Shihan Dou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dou, Shihan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136689034","display_name":"Zhicheng Dou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dou, Zhicheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136710028","display_name":"Pluto Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Pluto","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.1860000044107437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.1860000044107437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.13369999825954437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.09059999883174896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.7095000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.58160001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.5619000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-planning-and-scheduling","display_name":"Automated planning and scheduling","score":0.5401999950408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.5138000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.45089998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.37540000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.3483000099658966}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7947999835014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.7095000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.58160001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.5619000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114073186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2631895","display_name":"Automated planning and scheduling","level":2,"score":0.5401999950408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.5138000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45579999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.45089998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.37540000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22367795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7625208","display_name":"Structured prediction","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28761237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7805321","display_name":"Time horizon","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18465707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5001797","display_name":"Business system planning","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.257099986076355}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.20873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.20873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.20873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.20873","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Planning":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,75,101,120,218],"fundamental":[3],"capability":[4],"for":[5,64,77,85,224],"large":[6],"language":[7],"models":[8,15,169],"(LLMs)":[9],"because":[10],"such":[11],"complex":[12],"tasks":[13],"require":[14],"to":[16,53,147,158,172],"coordinate":[17],"goals,":[18],"constraints,":[19],"resources,":[20],"and":[21,26,60,81,88,96,113,134,161,165,193,210,226],"long-term":[22],"consequences":[23],"into":[24,100],"executable":[25],"verifiable":[27,82],"solutions.":[28],"Existing":[29],"planning":[30,35,83,94,126,140,191,222,229],"benchmarks,":[31],"however,":[32],"usually":[33],"treat":[34],"data":[36,84,141,186,223],"as":[37],"fixed":[38,144],"collections":[39],"of":[40,104,221],"instances":[41],"rather":[42,56],"than":[43,57,106],"controllable":[44,148,219],"generation":[45,149],"targets.":[46],"This":[47,138],"limits":[48],"scenario":[49],"coverage,":[50],"ties":[51],"difficulty":[52,114,130],"surface-level":[54],"proxies":[55],"structural":[58],"sources,":[59],"offers":[61],"limited":[62],"support":[63],"scalable":[65],"generation,":[66],"automatic":[67],"verification,":[68],"or":[69,202],"planning-oriented":[70],"training.":[71,89],"We":[72,155],"introduce":[73],"PlanningBench,":[74],"framework":[76],"generating":[78],"scalable,":[79],"diverse,":[80],"both":[86],"evaluation":[87],"PlanningBench":[90,157,185,216],"starts":[91],"from":[92,143],"real":[93],"scenarios":[95],"abstracts":[97],"practical":[98],"workflows":[99],"structured":[102],"taxonomy":[103],"more":[105,211],"30":[107],"task":[108,153],"types,":[109],"subtasks,":[110],"constraint":[111],"families,":[112],"factors.":[115],"Guided":[116],"by":[117],"this":[118],"taxonomy,":[119],"constraint-driven":[121],"synthesis":[122],"pipeline":[123],"instantiates":[124],"self-contained":[125],"problems":[127],"with":[128],"adaptive":[129],"control,":[131],"quality":[132],"filtering,":[133],"instance-level":[135],"verification":[136],"checklists.":[137],"shifts":[139],"construction":[142],"benchmark":[145],"collection":[146],"while":[150],"preserving":[151],"realistic":[152],"grounding.":[154],"use":[156],"evaluate":[159],"open-source":[160],"closed-source":[162],"frontier":[163],"LLMs,":[164],"find":[166],"that":[167,200],"current":[168],"still":[170],"struggle":[171],"produce":[173],"complete":[174],"solutions":[175,205],"under":[176],"coupled":[177],"constraints.":[178],"Beyond":[179],"evaluation,":[180],"reinforcement":[181],"learning":[182],"on":[183,189],"verified":[184],"improves":[187],"performance":[188],"unseen":[190],"benchmarks":[192],"broader":[194],"instruction-following":[195],"tasks.":[196],"Further":[197],"analysis":[198],"suggests":[199],"determinate":[201],"well-specified":[203],"optimal":[204],"provide":[206],"clearer":[207],"reward":[208],"signals":[209],"stable":[212],"training":[213],"dynamics.":[214],"Overall,":[215],"provides":[217],"source":[220],"diagnosing":[225],"improving":[227],"generalizable":[228],"abilities":[230],"in":[231],"LLMs.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-22T00:00:00"}