{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161946232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.20837","title":"ArchSIBench: Benchmarking the Architectural Spatial Intelligence of Vision-Language Models","display_name":"ArchSIBench: Benchmarking the Architectural Spatial Intelligence of Vision-Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161946232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.20837"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.20837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.20837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.20837","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136662417","display_name":"Qirui Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shen, Qirui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136624381","display_name":"Wenda Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Wenda","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136656925","display_name":"Jiachen Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu, Jiachen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136704477","display_name":"Zilong Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Zilong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122972244","display_name":"Jin Bai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bai, Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136623672","display_name":"Lei He","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He, Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136662576","display_name":"Hongxuan Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Hongxuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013351188","display_name":"Weixin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3278-4490"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Weixin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.7330999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.7330999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.0957999974489212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.04659999907016754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representational-state-transfer","display_name":"Representational state transfer","score":0.6248999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-cognition","display_name":"Spatial cognition","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-pattern","display_name":"Architectural pattern","score":0.5601000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-intelligence","display_name":"Spatial intelligence","score":0.49619999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.46540001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.39969998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-geometry","display_name":"Architectural geometry","score":0.38830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embodied-cognition","display_name":"Embodied cognition","score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.3711000084877014}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6802999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65399332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749568","display_name":"Representational state transfer","level":3,"score":0.6248999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777371692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2178611","display_name":"Spatial cognition","level":3,"score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72280835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635346","display_name":"Architectural pattern","level":5,"score":0.5601000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155911833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3817354","display_name":"Spatial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.49619999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.46540001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.39969998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158436829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4787054","display_name":"Architectural geometry","level":5,"score":0.38830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100609095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335050","display_name":"Embodied cognition","level":2,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.3635999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5937824","display_name":"Human intelligence","level":2,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170494330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778434","display_name":"Cognitive map","level":3,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27511587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2178623","display_name":"Spatial relation","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192327766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1038799","display_name":"Cognitive robotics","level":3,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777508537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936620","display_name":"Visual reasoning","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41365986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104153293","display_name":"Level of detail","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152095336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18965","display_name":"Architectural plan","level":3,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73752529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79872","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.20837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.20837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.20837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.20837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Architectural":[0,85],"spatial":[1,34,58,133,147,193,215],"intelligence,":[2],"the":[3,32,53,90,145,171,213],"ability":[4],"to":[5,13,127,185],"recognize":[6],"and":[7,21,25,46,60,73,96,107,142,195,206,211,221],"infer":[8],"architectural":[9,66,120,132,146,177,189,214],"space,":[10,67],"is":[11],"fundamental":[12],"tasks":[14,50],"such":[15,40],"as":[16,41],"robot":[17],"navigation,":[18,105],"embodied":[19],"interaction,":[20],"3D":[22],"scene":[23],"understanding":[24],"generation.":[26],"Although":[27],"extensive":[28],"research":[29],"has":[30],"evaluated":[31],"basic":[33],"skills":[35],"of":[36,57,65,131,149,173,217],"Vision-Language":[37],"Models":[38],"(VLMs)":[39],"relative":[42],"orientation,":[43],"distance":[44],"comparison,":[45],"object":[47],"counting,":[48],"these":[49],"cover":[51],"only":[52],"most":[54,150],"elementary":[55],"levels":[56],"cognition":[59,64],"largely":[61],"overlook":[62],"higher-level":[63],"including":[68],"layout":[69],"understanding,":[70],"circulation":[71],"patterns,":[72],"functional":[74],"zoning.":[75],"In":[76],"this":[77],"work,":[78],"we":[79,122,138],"present":[80],"ArchSIBench,":[81,137],"a":[82,180],"Benchmark":[83],"for":[84,209],"Spatial":[86],"Intelligence":[87],"based":[88],"on":[89,136],"perspectives":[91],"from":[92,155],"architecture,":[93],"cognitive":[94],"science,":[95],"psychology.":[97],"ArchSIBench":[98,201],"covers":[99],"five":[100],"core":[101],"dimensions:":[102],"perception,":[103],"reasoning,":[104],"transformation,":[106],"configuration,":[108],"comprising":[109],"17":[110],"fine-grained":[111],"subtasks.":[112],"Through":[113],"careful":[114],"manual":[115],"annotation":[116],"by":[117],"experts":[118],"with":[119,188],"backgrounds,":[121],"construct":[123],"3,000":[124],"question-answer":[125],"pairs":[126],"enable":[128],"comprehensive":[129],"evaluation":[130],"intelligence.":[134],"Based":[135],"evaluate":[139],"various":[140],"VLMs":[141],"find":[143],"that":[144,200],"intelligence":[148,216],"models":[151,159,168],"shows":[152],"significant":[153],"differences":[154],"human":[156,174,186],"baselines;":[157],"additionally,":[158],"exhibit":[160],"substantial":[161],"variability":[162],"across":[163],"capability":[164],"dimensions.":[165],"Some":[166],"state-of-the-art":[167],"can":[169],"approach":[170],"level":[172],"evaluators":[175,187],"without":[176],"training.":[178],"However,":[179],"clear":[181],"gap":[182],"remains":[183],"compared":[184],"training,":[190],"particularly":[191],"in":[192],"transformation":[194],"configuration":[196],"reasoning.":[197],"We":[198],"believe":[199],"will":[202],"provide":[203],"important":[204],"insights":[205],"systematic":[207],"resources":[208],"measuring":[210],"advancing":[212],"VLMs.":[218],"The":[219],"dataset":[220],"code":[222],"are":[223],"available":[224],"at":[225],"https://huggingface.co/datasets/ArchSIBench/ArchSIBench.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-22T00:00:00"}