{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161822546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.19568","title":"m3BERT: A Modern, Multi-lingual, Matryoshka Bidirectional Encoder","display_name":"m3BERT: A Modern, Multi-lingual, Matryoshka Bidirectional Encoder","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161822546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.19568"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.19568","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.19568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.19568","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136545027","display_name":"Yaoxiang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Yaoxiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054386084","display_name":"Simiao Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8014-3150"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuo, Simiao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136537262","display_name":"Qingguo Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu, Qingguo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136541250","display_name":"Yucheng Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ding, Yucheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136599313","display_name":"Yeyun Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gong, Yeyun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136556886","display_name":"Jian Jiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiao, Jian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136546878","display_name":"Jinsong Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su, Jinsong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.4627000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.4627000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.1680999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.05979999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.7311999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.6481000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5081999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.4973999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.46790000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4593999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7967000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.7311999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.6481000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5081999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4973999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.46790000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43220001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776434776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19246213","display_name":"Domain adaptation","level":3,"score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.4027000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.19568","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.19568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.19568","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.19568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5172269344329834,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Embedding":[0],"models":[1,16,50,162],"are":[2],"pivotal":[3],"in":[4,154,163],"industrial":[5,167,180],"information":[6],"retrieval":[7,168,181],"systems":[8],"like":[9],"search":[10],"and":[11,21,64,100,115,141],"advertising.":[12],"However,":[13],"existing":[14],"pretrained":[15,49],"often":[17,57],"exhibit":[18],"fixed":[19],"architectures":[20],"embedding":[22,102,161],"dimensionalities,":[23],"posing":[24],"significant":[25],"challenges":[26],"when":[27],"adapting":[28],"them":[29],"to":[30,109,112,136,151],"diverse":[31,138],"deployment":[32],"scenarios":[33],"with":[34,43,121],"varying":[35],"business-driven":[36],"constraints.":[37],"A":[38],"common":[39],"practice":[40],"involves":[41],"fine-tuning":[42],"partial":[44],"parameter":[45],"initialization":[46],"from":[47],"larger":[48],"for":[51,178],"resource-constrained":[52],"tasks.":[53],"This":[54,104],"method":[55],"is":[56],"suboptimal":[58],"as":[59,174],"the":[60,190],"misalignment":[61],"between":[62],"pretraining":[63,71,90,144,197],"downstream":[65],"usage":[66],"prevents":[67],"full":[68],"realization":[69],"of":[70,193],"benefits.":[72],"To":[73],"address":[74],"this":[75],"limitation,":[76],"we":[77],"introduce":[78],"m3BERT:":[79],"a":[80,88,106,129,146,165],"Modern,":[81],"Multi-lingual,":[82],"Matryoshka":[83,196],"Bidirectional":[84],"Encoder,":[85],"which":[86],"features":[87],"novel":[89],"strategy":[91],"that":[92],"jointly":[93],"optimizes":[94],"representations":[95],"across":[96],"both":[97],"transformer":[98],"layers":[99],"multiple":[101],"dimensions.":[103],"enables":[105],"single":[107],"model":[108],"be":[110],"tailored":[111],"varied":[113],"resource":[114],"accuracy":[116],"targets":[117],"while":[118],"maintaining":[119],"consistency":[120],"pretraining.":[122],"Incorporating":[123],"recent":[124],"architectural":[125],"improvements,":[126],"m3BERT":[127,157],"uses":[128],"three-stage":[130],"pretraining:":[131],"monolingual":[132],"pretraining,":[133],"multilingual":[134],"adaptation":[135],"serve":[137],"user":[139],"bases,":[140],"crucial":[142],"continual":[143],"on":[145,185],"massive":[147],"web":[148],"domain":[149],"corpus":[150],"enhance":[152],"utility":[153],"commercial":[155],"retrieval.":[156],"significantly":[158],"outperforms":[159],"state-of-the-art":[160],"Bing-Click,":[164],"large-scale":[166],"dataset,":[169],"showcasing":[170],"its":[171],"practical":[172],"versatility":[173],"an":[175],"efficient":[176],"foundation":[177],"resource-aware":[179],"systems.":[182],"Further":[183],"experiments":[184],"public":[186],"datasets":[187],"also":[188],"confirm":[189],"general":[191],"effectiveness":[192],"our":[194],"multigranular":[195],"strategy.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-21T00:00:00"}
