{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161796918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.19116","title":"Robust Restless Multi-Armed Bandit for Data Center Flexibility Services Through Virtual Machine Scheduling","display_name":"Robust Restless Multi-Armed Bandit for Data Center Flexibility Services Through Virtual Machine Scheduling","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161796918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.19116"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.19116","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.19116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.19116","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123990407","display_name":"Zixi Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Zixi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024922080","display_name":"Yifu Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7128-8847"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ding, Yifu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136533782","display_name":"Thomas Magnanti","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magnanti, Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12101","display_name":"Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research","score":0.3955000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12101","display_name":"Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research","score":0.3955000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.2946999967098236,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.04349999874830246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6000999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5684000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-center","display_name":"Data center","score":0.5541999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5282999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.47609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.43970000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.4138000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.40119999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.3935999870300293}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7264000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6000999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5684000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.5541999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5282999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.47609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.43970000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.4138000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.40119999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.3935999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3921999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3871000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777908891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806775","display_name":"Load profile","level":3,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779391423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17009728","display_name":"Dynamic pricing","level":2,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357554","display_name":"Load management","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780440489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227278","display_name":"Data-driven","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776544517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Unexpected events","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70429105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249999","display_name":"Grid computing","level":3,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.19116","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.19116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.19116","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.19116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5549519062042236,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Energy":[0],"demands":[1],"from":[2,27],"data":[3,31,102],"centers":[4],"have":[5],"surged":[6],"and":[7,19,54,98,114,155,162,178],"stressed":[8],"the":[9,76,119,128,168,181,199],"grid":[10,77],"in":[11,74,108],"recent":[12],"years.":[13],"Electric":[14],"grids":[15],"require":[16],"balancing":[17],"supply":[18],"demand":[20,24],"every":[21],"second,":[22],"motivating":[23],"response":[25],"(reduction)":[26],"large":[28],"loads,":[29],"including":[30],"centers.":[32],"This":[33],"can":[34],"be":[35],"achieved":[36],"by":[37],"rescheduling":[38,55,99],"jobs":[39],"on":[40],"a":[41,68,105,109,144,149],"physical":[42],"machine.":[43],"Its":[44],"real-time":[45],"implementation":[46],"is":[47,190],"uncertain":[48],"due":[49,136],"to":[50,64,84,137,159,198,207],"fluctuating":[51],"resource":[52],"utilization,":[53],"incurs":[56],"quality-of-service":[57],"(QoS)":[58],"losses":[59],"that":[60,147,167],"providers":[61],"are":[62],"unwilling":[63],"disclose.":[65],"We":[66,203],"propose":[67],"restless":[69,106],"multi-armed":[70],"bandit":[71],"(RMAB)":[72],"framework,":[73],"which":[75],"operator":[78],"requests":[79],"load":[80],"reductions":[81],"without":[82],"access":[83],"detailed":[85],"job-rescheduling":[86],"procedures.":[87],"Using":[88],"open-source":[89,205],"virtual":[90],"machine":[91],"(VM)":[92],"datasets,":[93],"we":[94,142],"model":[95],"job":[96],"arrivals":[97],"at":[100],"each":[101],"center":[103],"as":[104],"arm":[107],"Markov":[110],"decision":[111],"process":[112,135],"(MDP)":[113],"derive":[115],"Whittle-index-based":[116],"policies":[117],"using":[118],"learned":[120],"transition":[121],"function":[122],"via":[123],"Thompson":[124],"sampling.":[125],"To":[126],"overcome":[127],"weakness":[129],"of":[130],"an":[131,138],"increasingly":[132],"long":[133],"learning":[134],"enlarged":[139],"state":[140],"space,":[141],"use":[143],"mixed":[145],"strategy":[146],"includes":[148],"global":[150],"upper":[151],"confidence":[152],"bound":[153],"(UCB)":[154],"encodes":[156],"trust":[157],"indices":[158],"enhance":[160],"robustness":[161],"accelerate":[163],"learning.":[164],"Results":[165],"show":[166],"proposed":[169],"mixed-strategy":[170],"algorithm":[171],"remains":[172],"robust":[173],"across":[174],"varying":[175],"state-space":[176],"sizes":[177],"consistently":[179],"outperforms":[180],"pure":[182],"Thompson-Whittle":[183],"(TW)":[184],"algorithm,":[185],"especially":[186],"when":[187],"contextual":[188],"information":[189],"noisy.":[191],"It":[192],"also":[193],"demonstrates":[194],"superior":[195],"performance":[196],"compared":[197],"state-of-the-art":[200],"EXP4":[201],"framework.":[202],"provided":[204],"code":[206],"ensure":[208],"reproducibility.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2026-05-21T00:00:00"}
