{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161831637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.18891","title":"Auditing Reasoning-Trace Memorization Claims after Unlearning with Head-Conditioned Canaries","display_name":"Auditing Reasoning-Trace Memorization Claims after Unlearning with Head-Conditioned Canaries","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161831637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.18891"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.18891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.18891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.18891","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136537807","display_name":"Yanhang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Yanhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136569983","display_name":"Zhichao Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan, Zhichao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136573671","display_name":"Zexin Zhuang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuang, Zexin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.337799996137619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.337799996137619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.10170000046491623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.07989999651908875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swap","display_name":"Swap (finance)","score":0.7476999759674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audit","display_name":"Audit","score":0.5583000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.4372999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","score":0.4366999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memorization","display_name":"Memorization","score":0.42969998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.39500001072883606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99821215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136583","display_name":"Swap (finance)","level":2,"score":0.7476999759674072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.5583000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45730000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4372999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4366999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30038468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4354775","display_name":"Memorization","level":2,"score":0.42969998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82261069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1925365","display_name":"Yardstick","level":2,"score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.373199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32679998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88626702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128903","display_name":"Continuation","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.18891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.18891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.18891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.18891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.45643168687820435}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evaluations":[0],"of":[1],"unlearning":[2],"on":[3,43,53,70],"reasoning":[4],"models":[5],"sometimes":[6],"show":[7],"a":[8,54,66,96,141,159,164],"bypass":[9,83,100,122],"pattern.":[10],"The":[11],"answer":[12,76,115],"side":[13],"looks":[14],"unlearned,":[15],"but":[16],"the":[17,24,28,35,62,71,75,82,87,90,99,107,114,144,150,154,169],"model's":[18],"own":[19],"thinking":[20,63],"trace":[21,64],"keeps":[22],"emitting":[23],"forgotten":[25],"content,":[26],"and":[27,49,106,112,133],"gap":[29,84,101,123],"is":[30],"taken":[31],"as":[32,79,81,163],"evidence":[33],"that":[34],"weights":[36,73],"still":[37],"remember.":[38],"We":[39,157],"audit":[40],"this":[41],"reading":[42],"DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B":[44],"with":[45],"LoRA-memorized":[46],"fictional":[47],"authors":[48],"NPO":[50],"unlearning,":[51],"conditioned":[52],"six-token":[55],"canary":[56],"head.":[57],"On":[58,95,140],"one":[59],"seed,":[60],"swapping":[61],"for":[65],"short":[67],"non-canary":[68],"prefill":[69,88,108],"same":[72,145],"drops":[74],"rate":[77,116],"by":[78,127],"much":[80],"itself,":[85],"whether":[86],"mimics":[89],"training":[91],"template":[92,161],"or":[93],"not.":[94],"second":[97],"seed":[98],"shrinks":[102],"rather":[103],"than":[104],"vanishing,":[105],"swap":[109,162],"reverses":[110],"direction":[111],"brings":[113],"to":[117],"ceiling.":[118],"A":[119],"positive":[120],"parser-split":[121],"thus":[124],"does":[125,134],"not":[126,135],"itself":[128],"identify":[129],"hidden":[130],"weight-level":[131],"memorization,":[132],"rule":[136],"it":[137],"out":[138],"either.":[139],"different":[142],"distillate":[143],"metric":[146],"flips":[147],"sign":[148],"because":[149],"parser":[151],"cannot":[152],"find":[153],"closing":[155],"tag.":[156],"recommend":[158],"decode-time":[160],"cheap":[165],"sanity":[166],"check":[167],"alongside":[168],"canonical":[170],"audit.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-21T00:00:00"}