{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161744247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.18413","title":"Cracks in the Foundation: A Civil Infrastructure Dataset to Challenge Vision Foundation Models","display_name":"Cracks in the Foundation: A Civil Infrastructure Dataset to Challenge Vision Foundation Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161744247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.18413"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.18413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.18413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.18413","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033981189","display_name":"Nicola Farronato","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farronato, Nicola","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105102978","display_name":"Niccolo Avogaro","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avogaro, Niccolo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136463112","display_name":"Thomas Frick","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frick, Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081069627","display_name":"Mattia Rigotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6466-2810"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rigotti, Mattia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129192787","display_name":"Rizwan Ullah Khan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khan, Rizwan Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136486334","display_name":"Michele Magno","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magno, Michele","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136462282","display_name":"Konrad Schindler","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Schindler, Konrad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024547500","display_name":"Cristiano Malossi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malossi, Cristiano","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084145402","display_name":"Florian Scheidegger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0430-3634"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scheidegger, Florian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11006","display_name":"BIM and Construction Integration","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.644599974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5802000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-infrastructure","display_name":"Civil infrastructure","score":0.5799000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scarcity","display_name":"Scarcity","score":0.48919999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4684999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strengths-and-weaknesses","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-segmentation","display_name":"Market segmentation","score":0.32679998874664307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.644599974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5802000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994238195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121359","display_name":"Civil infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.5799000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.522599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109747225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815758","display_name":"Scarcity","level":2,"score":0.48919999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.47029998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4684999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63882131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","level":2,"score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125308379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q363057","display_name":"Market segmentation","level":2,"score":0.32679998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168820333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448889","display_name":"Visual inspection","level":2,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107053488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2674423","display_name":"Construction engineering","level":1,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776247918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423713","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","level":2,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.18413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.18413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.18413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.18413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6492010354995728}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automated":[0],"structural":[1,20],"health":[2],"monitoring":[3],"is":[4,15,49,163],"essential":[5],"to":[6,17,55,63,95],"prevent":[7],"catastrophic":[8],"infrastructure":[9,91,184],"failures.":[10],"Precise,":[11],"pixel-level":[12],"defect":[13,25],"segmentation":[14,26,93,150],"needed":[16],"accurately":[18],"assess":[19],"integrity,":[21],"but":[22],"progress":[23],"in":[24,81,106,159,233],"for":[27,47],"civil":[28,90,109,203],"infrastructures":[29],"has":[30],"been":[31],"held":[32],"back":[33],"by":[34,51],"an":[35,205,213],"extreme":[36],"scarcity":[37],"of":[38,115,125,132,147,189,202,220],"data,":[39],"which":[40],"requires":[41],"costly":[42],"expert":[43],"annotation.":[44],"The":[45],"need":[46,62],"data":[48,118],"accentuated":[50],"algorithmic":[52],"hurdles":[53],"intrinsic":[54],"the":[56,61,76,82,85,113,130,144,160,172,187,234],"problem,":[57],"including":[58],"center-bias":[59],"and":[60,87,137,142,185,207,229],"rely":[64],"more":[65],"on":[66,182,225],"shape":[67],"when":[68,180],"inspecting":[69],"nearly":[70],"textureless":[71],"building":[72],"materials.":[73],"To":[74],"remove":[75],"bottleneck,":[77],"we":[78,120],"introduce":[79],"Cracks":[80],"Foundation":[83,134],"(CiF),":[84],"largest":[86],"most":[88,173],"detailed":[89],"(instance)":[92],"dataset":[94],"date,":[96],"comprising":[97],"$\\approx$150,000":[98],"high-resolution":[99],"images":[100],"meticulously":[101],"curated":[102],"over":[103],"five":[104],"years":[105],"collaboration":[107],"with":[108,192],"engineering":[110],"experts.":[111],"With":[112],"help":[114],"this":[116],"unprecedented":[117],"source,":[119],"expose":[121],"a":[122],"blind":[123],"spot":[124],"current":[126,235],"visual":[127],"AI:":[128],"despite":[129,143],"advent":[131],"promptable":[133],"Models":[135,140],"(FMs)":[136],"Vision":[138],"Language":[139],"(VLMs),":[141],"impressive":[145],"abilities":[146],"today's":[148],"specialised":[149,190],"models,":[151],"it":[152],"turns":[153],"out":[154],"that":[155,170,216],"dense":[156],"image":[157],"understanding":[158],"built":[161],"environment":[162],"nowhere":[164],"near":[165],"solved.":[166],"Our":[167],"evaluations":[168],"indicate":[169],"even":[171,186],"recent":[174],"zero-shot":[175],"FMs":[176],"face":[177],"significant":[178],"challenges":[179],"deployed":[181],"real-world":[183],"performance":[188],"models":[191,222],"domain-specific":[193],"supervision":[194],"plateaus":[195],"at":[196],"$\\approx$25%":[197],"mAP.":[198],"CiF":[199],"establishes":[200],"inspection":[201],"infrastructure,":[204],"elementary":[206],"seemingly":[208],"easy":[209],"perceptual":[210],"task,":[211],"as":[212],"open":[214],"challenge":[215],"reveals":[217],"fundamental":[218],"weaknesses":[219],"present-day":[221],"trained":[223],"predominantly":[224],"internet":[226],"images,":[227],"literally":[228],"figuratively":[230],"highlighting":[231],"cracks":[232],"foundation":[236],"model":[237],"paradigm.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-20T00:00:00"}
