{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161720661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.17193","title":"Multi-LLM Systems Exhibit Robust Semantic Collapse","display_name":"Multi-LLM Systems Exhibit Robust Semantic Collapse","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161720661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.17193"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.17193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.17193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.17193","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000645671","display_name":"Weiyi Kong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kong, Weiyi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136494129","display_name":"Shiyang Lai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lai, Shiyang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136475125","display_name":"Jinghua Piao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piao, Jinghua","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136487665","display_name":"James Evans","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evans, James","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.8704000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.8704000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.010300000198185444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.008700000122189522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assertion","display_name":"Assertion","score":0.5774000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4666999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.40389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-data-model","display_name":"Semantic data model","score":0.3937000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.35530000925064087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6118999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40422974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741248","display_name":"Assertion","level":2,"score":0.5774000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4666999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.40389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90312973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449052","display_name":"Semantic data model","level":2,"score":0.3937000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983448237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Language understanding","level":2,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197914299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18650","display_name":"Semantic memory","level":3,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198942812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496618","display_name":"Semantic property","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.17193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.17193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.17193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.17193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Whether":[0],"machines":[1],"can":[2,19,29],"originate":[3],"novel":[4],"content":[5],"has":[6],"been":[7],"debated":[8],"for":[9,43],"nearly":[10],"two":[11],"centuries,":[12],"from":[13,34],"Lovelace's":[14],"assertion":[15],"that":[16,53,109],"no":[17],"engine":[18],"\"originate":[20],"anything\"":[21],"to":[22,79,102,132,141],"Turing's":[23],"question":[24,48],"of":[25,77,126,138],"whether":[26],"a":[27],"machine":[28],"amplify":[30],"ideas":[31],"brought":[32],"in":[33,57,65,135,146],"outside.":[35],"Multi-large":[36],"language":[37],"model":[38,73],"(LLM)":[39],"systems,":[40,55],"increasingly":[41],"deployed":[42],"autonomous":[44],"generation,":[45],"reopen":[46],"this":[47],"empirically.":[49],"Here":[50],"we":[51],"show":[52],"such":[54],"operating":[56],"closed":[58],"loops,":[59],"exhibit":[60],"semantic":[61,66,104,110],"collapse:":[62],"systematic":[63],"convergence":[64],"representations":[67],"despite":[68],"apparent":[69],"lexical":[70],"variation.":[71],"Across":[72],"families,":[74],"extended":[75],"simulations":[76],"200":[78],"1,000":[80],"rounds,":[81],"the":[82,136],"pattern":[83],"remains":[84],"consistent.":[85],"Twelve":[86],"intervention":[87],"strategies,":[88],"spanning":[89],"decoding":[90],"parameters,":[91],"prompt":[92],"design,":[93],"agent":[94],"composition,":[95],"activation":[96],"engineering,":[97],"and":[98],"reinforcement":[99],"learning,":[100],"fail":[101],"restore":[103],"diversity.":[105],"Mechanistic":[106],"analyses":[107],"suggest":[108],"collapse":[111],"is":[112,121],"not":[113],"explained":[114],"by":[115],"alignment":[116],"or":[117],"conformity":[118],"biases,":[119],"but":[120],"consistent":[122],"with":[123],"intrinsic":[124],"properties":[125],"autoregressive":[127],"generation.":[128],"Our":[129],"results":[130],"point":[131],"fundamental":[133],"constraints":[134],"ability":[137],"multi-LLM":[139],"systems":[140],"sustain":[142],"open-ended":[143],"knowledge":[144],"production":[145],"closed-loop":[147],"settings.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-20T00:00:00"}