{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161593313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.16133","title":"The Dangers of Non-Self-Fixed Architecture Technical Debt and Its Impact on Time-to-Fix","display_name":"The Dangers of Non-Self-Fixed Architecture Technical Debt and Its Impact on Time-to-Fix","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161593313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.16133"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.16133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.16133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.16133","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136442563","display_name":"Edi Sutoyo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sutoyo, Edi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136385271","display_name":"Paris Avgeriou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avgeriou, Paris","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077760743","display_name":"Andrea Capiluppi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9469-6050"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Capiluppi, Andrea","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-debt","display_name":"Technical debt","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debt","display_name":"Debt","score":0.5504000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintainability","display_name":"Maintainability","score":0.5299000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4794999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.4758000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.3240000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159198006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532172","display_name":"Technical debt","level":4,"score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.5504000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160713754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389965","display_name":"Maintainability","level":2,"score":0.5299000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4794999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.4758000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4277999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3894999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111852164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414679","display_name":"Handover","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.16133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.16133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.16133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.16133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Technical":[0,18],"Debt":[1,19],"(TD)":[2],"refers":[3],"to":[4,58,95,128,131,163,170,209,227,233],"the":[5,103,107,147,245],"long-term":[6],"costs":[7,236],"incurred":[8],"when":[9,22,213,241],"developers":[10],"prioritize":[11,31],"short-term":[12],"delivery":[13],"over":[14,34],"quality-improving":[15],"work.":[16],"Architectural":[17],"(ATD)":[20],"arises":[21],"architectural":[23,49],"decisions":[24],"(e.g.,":[25],"technology":[26],"choices,":[27],"patterns,":[28],"or":[29],"decomposition)":[30],"near-term":[32],"progress":[33],"future":[35],"maintainability":[36],"and":[37,46,56,92,109,134,137,156,159,166,178,185,192,232,243],"evolvability.":[38],"Because":[39],"ATD":[40,65,91,114,122,187,205,230],"affects":[41],"a":[42],"system's":[43],"core":[44],"structure":[45],"propagates":[47],"through":[48],"dependencies,":[50],"it":[51,111],"is":[52,77,206],"often":[53],"more":[54,207],"expensive":[55],"disruptive":[57],"remediate":[59],"than":[60],"localized":[61],"code-level":[62],"debt.":[63],"Although":[64],"has":[66],"been":[67],"widely":[68],"studied,":[69],"an":[70],"important":[71],"but":[72],"underexplored":[73],"aspect":[74],"of":[75,149],"repayment":[76,88,135,171,190],"who":[78],"performs":[79],"it.":[80],"Prior":[81],"work":[82],"provides":[83],"limited":[84],"empirical":[85],"evidence":[86],"on":[87,146,199],"responsibility":[89],"in":[90,115,194],"its":[93],"relationship":[94],"time-to-fix.":[96],"We":[97,120,141],"empirically":[98],"study":[99],"self-fixed":[100,150,155,184],"ATD,":[101,151],"where":[102],"introducer":[104,239],"also":[105],"repays":[106],"debt,":[108],"contrast":[110],"with":[112],"non-self-fixed":[113],"large":[116],"Apache":[117],"open-source":[118],"projects.":[119],"reconstruct":[121],"lifecycles":[123],"by":[124,237],"tracing":[125],"Jira":[126],"artifacts":[127],"version-control":[129],"history":[130],"identify":[132,228],"introduction":[133],"points":[136],"attribute":[138],"developer":[139],"roles.":[140],"address":[142],"three":[143],"research":[144],"questions":[145],"prevalence":[148],"time-to-fix":[152],"differences":[153,193],"between":[154],"non--self-fixed":[157,186,204],"items,":[158],"how":[160,195],"factors":[161],"related":[162],"code":[164],"change":[165],"collaboration":[167],"metrics":[168],"relate":[169],"speed.":[172],"Using":[173],"descriptive":[174],"statistics,":[175],"non-parametric":[176],"tests,":[177],"survival":[179],"analysis,":[180],"we":[181],"show":[182],"that":[183],"exhibit":[188],"distinct":[189],"dynamics":[191],"changes":[196,214],"are":[197,215],"shared":[198],"ATD-affected":[200],"files.":[201],"In":[202],"particular,":[203],"likely":[208],"remain":[210],"unresolved":[211],"longer":[212],"spread":[216],"across":[217],"many":[218],"developers.":[219],"These":[220],"results":[221],"provide":[222],"actionable":[223],"guidance":[224],"for":[225],"maintainers":[226],"high-risk":[229],"items":[231],"reduce":[234],"handoff":[235],"increasing":[238],"involvement":[240],"possible":[242],"documenting":[244],"design":[246],"rationale":[247],"during":[248],"repayment.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-05-19T00:00:00"}
