{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161550873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.16067","title":"SAFE Quantum Machine Learning with Variational Quantum Classifiers","display_name":"SAFE Quantum Machine Learning with Variational Quantum Classifiers","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161550873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.16067"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.16067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.16067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.16067","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136389801","display_name":"Ying Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136424962","display_name":"Paolo Giudici","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giudici, Paolo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136406665","display_name":"Vasily Kolesnikov","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kolesnikov, Vasily","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012892958","display_name":"Paolo Recchia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1043-4588"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Recchia, Paolo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9660999774932861,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9660999774932861,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.007600000128149986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.6886000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.5906000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4754999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.4648999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.4221999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-circuit","display_name":"Quantum circuit","score":0.4221999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4146000146865845}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.6886000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.5906000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5192000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4754999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.4648999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124148022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122210","display_name":"Quantum circuit","level":5,"score":0.4221999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4221999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41760000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4146000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4124000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.3865000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3695000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779094486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18811578","display_name":"Quantum machine learning","level":4,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778926657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum system","level":3,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.26190000772476196}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.16067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.16067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.16067","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.16067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"a":[2,17,35,89,114],"variational":[3,110],"quantum":[4,29,76,111],"classifier":[5],"operating":[6],"on":[7],"high":[8],"dimensional":[9],"deep":[10],"representations":[11],"via":[12],"amplitude":[13,25],"encoding,":[14],"stabilized":[15],"by":[16],"learnable":[18],"classical":[19,85],"pre":[20],"encoding":[21],"layer.By":[22],"combining":[23],"normalized":[24],"embeddings":[26],"with":[27,41,83,95],"bounded":[28],"observables,":[30],"the":[31,56,74],"resulting":[32],"model":[33,77],"induces":[34],"structured":[36,103],"and":[37,67,100],"smooth":[38],"hypothesis":[39],"class":[40],"controlled":[42],"sensitivity":[43],"to":[44,98],"input":[45],"variations.":[46],"Model":[47],"reliability":[48,93],"is":[49],"assessed":[50],"using":[51],"SAFE-AI":[52],"metrics":[53],"derived":[54],"from":[55],"Cramer":[57],"von":[58],"Mises":[59],"divergence,":[60],"enabling":[61],"consistent":[62],"evaluation":[63],"across":[64],"accuracy,":[65],"robustness,":[66],"explainability":[68],"dimensions.":[69],"Empirical":[70],"results":[71],"show":[72],"that":[73,109],"proposed":[75],"provides":[78],"competitive":[79],"predictive":[80],"performance":[81],"compared":[82],"strong":[84],"baselines":[86],"while":[87],"exhibiting":[88],"more":[90],"balanced":[91],"SAFE":[92,120],"profile,":[94],"improved":[96],"robustness":[97],"noise":[99],"stability":[101,118],"under":[102],"feature":[104],"removal.":[105],"These":[106],"findings":[107],"suggest":[108],"circuits":[112],"offer":[113],"principled":[115],"mechanism":[116],"for":[117],"oriented":[119],"learning":[121],"in":[122],"safety":[123],"critical":[124],"settings.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-19T00:00:00"}
