{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161544495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.15978","title":"Ontology for Policing: Conceptual Knowledge Learning for Semantic Understanding and Reasoning in Law Enforcement Reports","display_name":"Ontology for Policing: Conceptual Knowledge Learning for Semantic Understanding and Reasoning in Law Enforcement Reports","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161544495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.15978"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.15978","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.15978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.15978","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117492048","display_name":"Anita Srbinovska","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srbinovska, Anita","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090445977","display_name":"Jansen Orfan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Orfan, Jansen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136452535","display_name":"Adrian Martin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin, Adrian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117492049","display_name":"Ernest Fokoue","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fokou\u00e9, Ernest","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.24469999969005585,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.24469999969005585,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.10320000350475311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.06949999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative","display_name":"Narrative","score":0.633899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement","display_name":"Law enforcement","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.454800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.44909998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predicate","display_name":"Predicate (mathematical logic)","score":0.4196999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.3749000132083893}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7361999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.633899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.454800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.44909998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4472000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140146324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144319","display_name":"Predicate (mathematical logic)","level":2,"score":0.4196999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Natural language understanding","level":3,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197914299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18650","display_name":"Semantic memory","level":3,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101230327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q826165","display_name":"Web Ontology Language","level":3,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67277372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449085","display_name":"Semantic role labeling","level":3,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102993220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387196","display_name":"Description logic","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.15978","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.15978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.15978","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.15978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5562347769737244}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Law":[0],"enforcement":[1],"reports":[2,95],"contain":[3],"structured":[4],"fields":[5],"and":[6,20,26,61,68,84,96,117,135,138],"written":[7],"narratives.":[8],"However,":[9],"many":[10],"incident":[11,54,131],"facts":[12],"that":[13],"are":[14,22],"needed":[15],"for":[16,37,141],"review,":[17],"police":[18],"training,":[19],"investigations":[21],"in":[23],"natural":[24],"language":[25],"require":[27],"manual":[28],"reading.":[29],"We":[30,71,86],"propose":[31],"a":[32,97,110],"framework":[33],"using":[34],"symbolic":[35,89],"methods":[36],"converting":[38],"narratives":[39,51],"into":[40],"evidence-linked":[41],"facts.":[42],"Our":[43],"objective":[44],"is":[45],"to":[46,52,82],"measure":[47],"the":[48,58,88,102,106,122],"value":[49],"of":[50,113],"recover":[53],"details":[55],"only":[56],"from":[57,105],"unstructured":[59],"text":[60],"build":[62],"temporal":[63,136],"graphs":[64],"with":[65],"time":[66],"cues":[67,137],"domain":[69],"axioms.":[70],"achieve":[72],"this":[73],"by":[74],"redacting":[75],"personal":[76],"identifiers,":[77],"semantic":[78,124],"parsing,":[79],"predicate":[80],"mapping":[81],"ontology,":[83],"reasoning.":[85],"evaluate":[87],"approach":[90],"on":[91,130],"450":[92],"property":[93],"crime":[94],"short":[98],"human":[99],"review.":[100],"Of":[101],"extracted":[103],"events":[104],"system,":[107],"54.1%":[108],"had":[109],"confidence":[111],"score":[112],"at":[114],"least":[115],"0.80":[116],"93.7%":[118],"were":[119],"mapped":[120],"through":[121],"PropBank--VerbNet--WordNet":[123],"path.":[125],"100%":[126],"agreement":[127,140],"was":[128],"reached":[129],"initiation,":[132],"stolen":[133],"items,":[134],"lower":[139],"forced":[142],"entry":[143],"interpretation.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-19T00:00:00"}
