{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161559164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.15553","title":"Operator-Controlled 6G: From Connectivity Infrastructure to Guaranteed Digital Services","display_name":"Operator-Controlled 6G: From Connectivity Infrastructure to Guaranteed Digital Services","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161559164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.15553"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.15553","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.15553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.15553","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064472958","display_name":"David Soldani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9677-5545"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Soldani, David","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064472958"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.28760001063346863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.28760001063346863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.12189999967813492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.031300000846385956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.47839999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.42660000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-model","display_name":"Business model","score":0.4147999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profitability-index","display_name":"Profitability index","score":0.37380000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.335099995136261}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.47839999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.42660000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4216890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815823","display_name":"Business model","level":2,"score":0.4147999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.397599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.37380000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.365200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78780426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902410","display_name":"Deregulation","level":2,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778431023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878249","display_name":"Alliance","level":2,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776474809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1328230","display_name":"Strategic alliance","level":3,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130631938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144894","display_name":"Intellectualization","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203043789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138461","display_name":"Digital economy","level":2,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57041688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220644","display_name":"Service-oriented architecture","level":3,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.15553","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.15553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.15553","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.15553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.68585205078125}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sixth-generation":[0],"mobile":[1],"networks":[2,21],"(6G)":[3],"are":[4],"approaching":[5],"a":[6,86,104,229],"structural":[7],"inflection":[8],"point.":[9],"Five":[10],"generations":[11],"of":[12,217],"vendor-led":[13],"architectures":[14],"have":[15],"left":[16],"operators":[17],"procuring":[18],"and":[19,58,70,91,156,165,177,180,189,191],"operating":[20],"they":[22,28,34],"do":[23],"not":[24,73],"own,":[25],"on":[26],"platforms":[27],"cannot":[29,35],"modify,":[30],"with":[31,147,194],"AI":[32],"layers":[33],"audit.":[36],"This":[37],"paper":[38],"argues":[39],"that":[40,109,210],"6G":[41,153,227],"must":[42],"reverse":[43],"this":[44,79],"trajectory":[45],"by":[46],"reordering":[47],"operator":[48,64,111],"priorities:":[49],"Control":[50,83],"First,":[51,53,55,57],"Customer":[52],"Business":[54],"Operations":[56],"Technology":[59,61],"Last.":[60],"should":[62],"serve":[63],"control,":[65],"customer":[66],"outcomes,":[67],"monetizable":[68],"guarantees,":[69],"software-driven":[71],"operations,":[72],"dictate":[74],"them.":[75],"Two":[76],"contributions":[77],"operationalize":[78],"thesis.":[80],"The":[81,100,117,206],"\"6G":[82],"Compact\"":[84],"defines":[85,103],"three-layer":[87],"ownership":[88],"taxonomy--own,":[89],"federate,":[90],"consume--that":[92],"allocates":[93],"architectural":[94],"sovereignty":[95],"according":[96],"to":[97,198],"strategic":[98],"value.":[99],"\"Guarantee":[101],"Economy\"":[102],"five-tier,":[105],"outcome-priced":[106],"commercial":[107],"model":[108],"converts":[110],"control":[112],"into":[113,203],"enforceable":[114],"service-level":[115],"objectives.":[116],"framework":[118],"is":[119,145,209],"grounded":[120],"in":[121,142],"operational":[122],"evidence":[123],"from":[124],"Rakuten":[125,211],"Mobile,":[126],"the":[127,148,201,215],"world's":[128],"first":[129],"national-scale,":[130],"fully":[131,133],"cloud-native,":[132],"Open":[134],"RAN":[135],"deployment,":[136],"which":[137],"reached":[138],"full-year":[139],"EBITDA":[140],"profitability":[141],"FY2025.":[143],"It":[144],"aligned":[146],"ITU-R":[149],"IMT-2030":[150],"framework,":[151],"3GPP":[152],"use":[154],"cases":[155],"service":[157],"requirements,":[158],"NGMN":[159],"recommendations,":[160],"ETSI":[161],"standards,":[162],"O-RAN":[163],"Alliance":[164,167],"AI-RAN":[166],"specifications,":[168],"IOWN":[169],"Global":[170],"Forum":[171],"sustainability":[172],"metrics,":[173],"Linux":[174],"Foundation":[175],"initiatives,":[176],"leading":[178],"industry":[179,204],"academic":[181],"programs.":[182],"A":[183],"three-phase":[184],"roadmap":[185],"covering":[186],"2025-2027,":[187],"2027-2029,":[188],"2029-2032":[190],"beyond,":[192],"together":[193],"seven":[195],"stakeholder-specific":[196],"calls":[197],"action,":[199],"translates":[200],"architecture":[202],"commitments.":[205],"central":[207],"claim":[208],"Mobile's":[212],"deployment":[213],"demonstrates":[214],"feasibility":[216],"operator-controlled":[218],"6G.":[219],"Decisions":[220],"made":[221],"during":[222],"2026-2028":[223],"will":[224],"determine":[225],"whether":[226],"becomes":[228],"platform":[230],"for":[231],"guaranteed":[232],"digital":[233],"services":[234],"or":[235],"another":[236],"vendor-dependent":[237],"infrastructure":[238],"cycle.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-09T05:49:46.723101","created_date":"2026-05-19T00:00:00"}