{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161545460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.15218","title":"CAX-Agent: A Lightweight Agent Harness for Reliable APDL Automation","display_name":"CAX-Agent: A Lightweight Agent Harness for Reliable APDL Automation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161545460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.15218"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.15218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.15218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.15218","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136429861","display_name":"Chenying Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin, Chenying","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117063705","display_name":"Yichen Hai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai, Yichen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136440081","display_name":"Yi He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3637-8043"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He, Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136396594","display_name":"Ran Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Ran","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136411649","display_name":"Haiyan Qiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang, Haiyan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136450610","display_name":"Liang Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu, Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.15809999406337738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.15809999406337738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.06560000032186508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.06319999694824219,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.661300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6067000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5812000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5723999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.5496000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4399000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.4341999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.364300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.36090001463890076}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.661300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6388000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6067000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5812000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5723999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5496000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4399000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.4341999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3707999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.364300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.36090001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3377000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169468491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146923","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","level":2,"score":0.3147999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164884","display_name":"Container (type theory)","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776834041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346349","display_name":"Execution model","level":2,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164155591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067766","display_name":"Satisfiability modulo theories","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.15218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.15218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.15218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.15218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2],"deployed":[3],"for":[4,62,217],"MAPDL":[5,63],"finite-element":[6],"simulation":[7],"face":[8],"practical":[9],"reliability":[10],"challenges:":[11],"without":[12],"structured":[13],"execution":[14,78],"control,":[15],"tool":[16,43],"encapsulation,":[17],"and":[18,25,47,65,87,107,117,174,184,215],"fault":[19],"recovery,":[20],"outputs":[21],"may":[22],"be":[23],"inconsistent":[24],"task":[26,138,168],"failures":[27],"are":[28],"common.":[29],"The":[30,198],"Agent":[31],"Harness":[32],"paradigm":[33],"addresses":[34],"this":[35],"by":[36],"inserting":[37],"domain-specific":[38],"orchestration":[39],"middleware":[40],"that":[41,95],"manages":[42],"lifecycles,":[44],"workflow":[45],"state,":[46],"recovery":[48,75,93,113],"escalation.":[49],"This":[50],"paper":[51],"presents":[52],"the":[53,74,163,210],"architecture":[54],"of":[55,69,155,212],"CAX-Agent,":[56],"a":[57,92],"lightweight":[58],"agent":[59,85],"harness":[60],"purpose-built":[61],"automation,":[64],"empirically":[66],"evaluates":[67],"one":[68,159],"its":[70],"core":[71],"components":[72],"--":[73,82,90],"policy.CAX-Agent":[76],"organizes":[77],"into":[79],"three":[80,112,125],"layers":[81],"LLM":[83],"service,":[84],"harness,":[86],"solver":[88],"backend":[89],"with":[91,124,190],"ladder":[94],"escalates":[96],"from":[97],"deterministic":[98],"rule":[99],"patching":[100],"through":[101],"model-driven":[102],"regeneration":[103],"to":[104,204],"context":[105],"enrichment":[106],"human":[108,135],"intervention.":[109],"We":[110],"evaluate":[111],"strategies":[114],"(no_recovery,":[115],"rule_only,":[116],"model_only)":[118],"on":[119],"50":[120],"standard":[121],"structural":[122],"benchmarks":[123],"repeated":[126],"runs":[127],"per":[128],"strategy":[129],"(450":[130],"case-runs":[131],"total).":[132],"Two":[133],"independent":[134],"raters":[136],"score":[137,156,169,172],"completion":[139,165],"under":[140],"blind":[141],"conditions;":[142],"inter-rater":[143],"agreement":[144],"is":[145],"strong":[146],"(quadratic":[147],"weighted":[148],"Cohen's":[149],"kappa":[150],"=":[151,196],"0.84,":[152],"96":[153],"percent":[154],"pairs":[157],"within":[158],"point).":[160],"Model_only":[161],"achieves":[162],"best":[164],"rate":[166,176],"(0.9267),":[167],"(3.59/4),":[170],"total":[171],"(9.16/10),":[173],"zero-intervention":[175],"(0.84),":[177],"outperforming":[178],"rule_only":[179],"(0.7733,":[180],"3.17/4,":[181],"7.03/10,":[182],"0.00)":[183,189],"no_recovery":[185],"(0.6933,":[186],"2.74/4,":[187],"5.60/10,":[188],"large":[191],"effect":[192],"sizes":[193],"(Cliff's":[194],"delta":[195],"0.81-0.87).":[197],"benchmark":[199],"uses":[200],"deliberately":[201],"simple":[202],"geometries":[203],"isolate":[205],"recovery-policy":[206],"effects;":[207],"we":[208],"discuss":[209],"scope":[211],"these":[213],"findings":[214],"directions":[216],"broader":[218],"validation.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-19T00:00:00"}
