{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161250449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.14435","title":"Geographic Patterns in I2P Peer Selection: An Empirical Network Topology Analysis","display_name":"Geographic Patterns in I2P Peer Selection: An Empirical Network Topology Analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161250449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.14435"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.14435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.14435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.14435","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098977286","display_name":"Siddique Abubakr Muntaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5466-947X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muntaka, Siddique Abubakr","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136236429","display_name":"Jess Kropczynski","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kropczynski, Jess","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136213202","display_name":"Jacques Bou Abdo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdo, Jacques Bou","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053076513","display_name":"Murat \u00d6zer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2518-3398"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ozer, Murat","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9200999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9200999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.03060000017285347,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.012600000016391277,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assortativity","display_name":"Assortativity","score":0.9283000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subnet","display_name":"Subnet","score":0.7386999726295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traceroute","display_name":"traceroute","score":0.5461999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.5205000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5202999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5060999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","score":0.49140000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.4262000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.3644999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89694873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810299","display_name":"Assortativity","level":3,"score":0.9283000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21099817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631721","display_name":"Subnet","level":2,"score":0.7386999726295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5957000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157497606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603227","display_name":"traceroute","level":3,"score":0.5461999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.5205000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5202999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5060999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.49140000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.4262000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47458327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910404","display_name":"Random graph","level":3,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3617999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200985842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3375503","display_name":"Random permutation","level":3,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21308566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169365","display_name":"Permutation (music)","level":2,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14166107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253829","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178086212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11155","display_name":"Border Gateway Protocol","level":5,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32946077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618079","display_name":"Network analysis","level":2,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79876807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030660","display_name":"Geographical distance","level":3,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534932454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161410","display_name":"Peer-to-peer","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25516864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnectivity","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.14435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.14435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.14435","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.14435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.426498681306839,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,77],"Invisible":[1],"Internet":[2],"Project":[3],"(I2P)":[4],"routes":[5],"data":[6,60],"via":[7],"encrypted,":[8],"decentralized":[9],"tunnels.":[10],"Peer":[11],"selection":[12,118],"can":[13],"significantly":[14],"affect":[15],"security":[16],"and":[17,56,64],"performance.":[18],"This":[19],"empirical":[20],"study":[21],"examines":[22],"whether":[23],"geographic":[24,75],"location":[25],"systematically":[26],"influences":[27],"I2P's":[28,33],"routing":[29],"topology.":[30],"Consistent":[31],"with":[32],"design":[34],"principles,":[35],"which":[36],"include":[37],"avoiding":[38],"multiple":[39],"peers":[40],"from":[41,61],"the":[42,134],"same":[43],"/16":[44],"IP":[45],"subnet":[46],"to":[47,122],"maximize":[48],"anonymity,":[49],"we":[50],"conducted":[51],"assortativity":[52,78],"analysis,":[53],"community":[54],"detection,":[55],"permutation":[57],"testing":[58],"on":[59],"327":[62],"routers":[63],"254":[65],"connections":[66,88],"(SWARM-I2P).":[67],"We":[68,113],"found":[69,98],"a":[70,123,130],"network-level":[71],"absence":[72],"of":[73],"significant":[74],"homophily.":[76],"coefficient":[79],"was":[80],"r":[81],"=":[82,85,104,111],"0.017":[83],"(p":[84],"0.222).":[86],"Same-country":[87],"(11.1%)":[89],"are":[90],"statistically":[91],"near":[92],"random":[93,126],"expectation":[94],"(10.91%).":[95],"Community":[96],"detection":[97],"110":[99],"highly":[100,124],"modular":[101],"groups":[102],"(Q":[103],"0.972)":[105],"only":[106],"moderately":[107],"aligned":[108],"geographically":[109],"(NMI":[110],"0.521).":[112],"conclude":[114],"that":[115],"aggregate":[116],"peer":[117],"in":[119],"I2P":[120],"leads":[121],"heterogeneous,":[125],"geographical":[127],"mixing,":[128],"providing":[129],"foundation":[131],"for":[132],"understanding":[133],"performance-anonymity":[135],"tradeoff.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-05-16T00:00:00"}