{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161191232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.13566","title":"Spatiotemporal downscaling and nowcasting of urban land surface temperatures with deep neural networks","display_name":"Spatiotemporal downscaling and nowcasting of urban land surface temperatures with deep neural networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161191232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.13566"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.13566","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.13566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.13566","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077994485","display_name":"Solomiia Kurchaba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0202-1898"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kurchaba, Solomiia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136165376","display_name":"Angela Meyer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meyer, Angela","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nowcasting","display_name":"Nowcasting","score":0.9483000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geostationary-orbit","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downscaling","display_name":"Downscaling","score":0.6162999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4966000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-resolution","display_name":"Temporal resolution","score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.35420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-assimilation","display_name":"Data assimilation","score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-model","display_name":"Climate model","score":0.3249000012874603}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781013037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1433331","display_name":"Nowcasting","level":2,"score":0.9483000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16405173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192316","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","level":3,"score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41156917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682831","display_name":"Downscaling","level":3,"score":0.6162999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5343999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.519599974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4966000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4106999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119666444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977280","display_name":"Temporal resolution","level":2,"score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.35420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24552861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670177","display_name":"Data assimilation","level":2,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3147999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125069764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43262","display_name":"Tundra","level":3,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104110773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976688","display_name":"Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite","level":3,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133204551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838305","display_name":"Weather Research and Forecasting Model","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21001229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182868","display_name":"Weather forecasting","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.13566","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.13566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.13566","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.13566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.6442314982414246}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Land":[0],"Surface":[1],"Temperature":[2],"(LST)":[3],"is":[4,90,236],"a":[5,33,47,50,87,136,160,191,194],"key":[6],"variable":[7],"for":[8,74,205],"various":[9],"applications,":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12],"urban":[13],"climate":[14],"and":[15,49,54,61,100,121,142,148,193,210],"ecology":[16],"studies.":[17],"Yet,":[18],"existing":[19],"satellite-derived":[20],"LST":[21,56,81,94,105,166,176,229,242],"products":[22],"provide":[23,55],"either":[24],"high":[25,28,59,62,84,233],"spatial":[26,60],"or":[27],"temporal":[29,63],"resolution,":[30,86],"resulting":[31],"in":[32,119],"fundamental":[34],"trade-off":[35],"between":[36],"the":[37,155,206],"two.":[38],"To":[39,79],"address":[40],"this":[41],"trade-off,":[42],"we":[43,163],"combine":[44],"observations":[45],"from":[46,96,107,213],"geostationary":[48],"polar":[51],"orbiting":[52],"satellite":[53],"fields":[57,82,95,106,177],"at":[58,67,83,232],"resolution":[64,235],"(1":[65,110],"km":[66,99],"15-min":[68],"intervals).":[69],"We":[70],"demonstrate":[71],"their":[72],"application":[73],"intraday":[75],"forecasting":[76],"of":[77,182,201],"LSTs.":[78],"estimate":[80],"spatiotemporal":[85,234],"U-Net":[88],"model":[89,125,168,189,231],"trained":[91,128,173],"to":[92,104,184,203,215,239],"map":[93],"SEVIRI/MSG":[97],"(3":[98],"15":[101,183],"min":[102],"resolution)":[103],"Terra/Aqua":[108],"MODIS":[109,223],"km,":[111],"4":[112],"overpasses":[113,224],"per":[114],"day)":[115],"that":[116],"are":[117],"collocated":[118],"space":[120],"time.":[122],"The":[123,187],"presented":[124],"has":[126],"been":[127],"on":[129,154,170],"LSTs":[130],"across":[131,174],"large":[132],"European":[133],"cities":[134],"with":[135,178,199],"population":[137],"exceeding":[138],"1":[139],"million":[140],"inhabitants,":[141],"achieves":[143],"an":[144,165],"RMSE":[145],"=":[146,152],"$1.92$\u00b0C":[147],"near-zero":[149],"bias":[150],"MBE":[151],"$0.01$\u00b0C":[153],"hold-out":[156],"test":[157],"set.":[158],"As":[159],"second":[161],"step,":[162],"present":[164],"nowcasting":[167,188],"based":[169],"ConvLSTM":[171],"architecture,":[172],"downscaled":[175],"forecast":[179,230],"lead":[180,208],"times":[181,209],"75":[185],"minutes.":[186],"outperforms":[190],"persistence":[192],"Climatological":[195],"Rolling":[196],"Median":[197],"benchmarks,":[198],"RMSEs":[200],"$0.57$":[202],"$1.15$\u00b0C":[204],"considered":[207],"biases":[211],"ranging":[212],"$-0.1$":[214],"$0.14$\u00b0C.":[216],"An":[217],"additional":[218],"validation":[219],"conducted":[220],"against":[221],"independent":[222],"confirms":[225],"robust":[226],"performance.":[227],"Our":[228],"directly":[237],"applicable":[238],"operational":[240],"satellite-based":[241],"monitoring.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2026-05-15T00:00:00"}