{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161139201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.13555","title":"Generating synthetic computed tomography for radiotherapy: SynthRAD2025 challenge report","display_name":"Generating synthetic computed tomography for radiotherapy: SynthRAD2025 challenge report","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161139201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.13555"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.13555","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.13555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.13555","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092528360","display_name":"Viktor Rogowski","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rogowski, Viktor","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128129953","display_name":"Maarten L. Terpstra","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terpstra, Maarten L.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089137756","display_name":"Niklas Wahl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1451-223X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wahl, Niklas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027114196","display_name":"Florian Kamp","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamp, Florian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083748195","display_name":"Erik van der Bijl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7663-4390"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"van der Bijl, Erik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128283808","display_name":"Arthur Galapon","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Galapon, Arthur Jr.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136179042","display_name":"Christopher Kurz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kurz, Christopher","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060200045","display_name":"Bowen Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4545-9574"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin, Bowen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100530084","display_name":"Zhengxiang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5621-1598"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Zhengxiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113358073","display_name":"Hollie Min","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min, Hollie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136105334","display_name":"Gregg Belous","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Belous, Gregg","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136097378","display_name":"Jason Dowling","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dowling, Jason","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136175232","display_name":"Yan Xia","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xia, Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103267120","display_name":"Siyuan Mei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1136-2501"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mei, Siyuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136162128","display_name":"Fuxin Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan, Fuxin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065666823","display_name":"Arthur Longuefosse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0261-9812"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longuefosse, Arthur","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126212311","display_name":"Javier Sequeiro Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gonzalez, Javier Sequeiro","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064290538","display_name":"Milagros Benito","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benito, Miguel Diaz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102674639","display_name":"A. Puerto Mart\u00edn","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin, Alvaro Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102713684","display_name":"Fabien Baldacci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4888-4880"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baldacci, Fabien","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017129928","display_name":"Valentin Boussot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2465-5458"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boussot, Valentin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018521137","display_name":"C\u00e9dric H\u00e9mon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6669-5108"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H\u00e9mon, C\u00e9dric","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051084728","display_name":"Jean\u2010Claude Nunes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6560-1518"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nunes, Jean-Claude","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035811403","display_name":"Jean\u2010Louis Dillenseger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-3944"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dillenseger, Jean-Louis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136181923","display_name":"Zhiyuan Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Zhiyuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136149842","display_name":"Jinghua Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cai, Jinghua","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136155026","display_name":"Han Bing","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing, Han","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136096526","display_name":"Tan Zuopeng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuopeng, Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136124923","display_name":"Ricardo Brioso","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brioso, Ricardo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004851087","display_name":"Daniele Loiacono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5355-0634"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loiacono, Daniele","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136168513","display_name":"Guillaume Landry","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Landry, Guillaume","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004059075","display_name":"Adrian Thummerer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1874-5030"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thummerer, Adrian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015345825","display_name":"Matteo Maspero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-3375"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maspero, Matteo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.7893000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.7893000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.08569999784231186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10844","display_name":"Radiation Dose and Imaging","score":0.03999999910593033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hounsfield-scale","display_name":"Hounsfield scale","score":0.8026000261306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5077999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computed-tomography","display_name":"Computed tomography","score":0.47940000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-treatment-planning","display_name":"Radiation treatment planning","score":0.46810001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-therapy","display_name":"Proton therapy","score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton","display_name":"Proton","score":0.38019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cone-beam-computed-tomography","display_name":"Cone beam computed tomography","score":0.3747999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.3668000102043152}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187954543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501273","display_name":"Hounsfield scale","level":3,"score":0.8026000261306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.6029000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5077999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544519230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.47940000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201645570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830637","display_name":"Radiation treatment planning","level":3,"score":0.46810001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45249998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43849998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779244869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507667","display_name":"Proton therapy","level":3,"score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54516573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294","display_name":"Proton","level":2,"score":0.38019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779813781","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1224951","display_name":"Cone beam computed tomography","level":3,"score":0.3747999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.36570000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509974204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180507","display_name":"Radiation therapy","level":2,"score":0.3596999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775842073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208376","display_name":"Positron emission tomography","level":2,"score":0.352400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987700449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186161","display_name":"Radiation dose","level":2,"score":0.33809998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106436119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836575","display_name":"Quality assurance","level":3,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75088862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2291081","display_name":"Dosimetry","level":2,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166704113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861092","display_name":"Image registration","level":3,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9267231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15841445","display_name":"Image-guided radiation therapy","level":3,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22029948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45089","display_name":"Dice","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018399558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1224951","display_name":"Cone beam ct","level":3,"score":0.2506999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.13555","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.13555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.13555","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.13555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radiation":[0],"therapy":[1],"(RT)":[2],"requires":[3,39],"precise":[4],"dose":[5,42,168,202],"delivery":[6],"over":[7],"multiple":[8],"fractions,":[9],"with":[10,58],"CT":[11,23,37,45],"fundamental":[12],"for":[13,41,216,229],"treatment":[14],"planning":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17],"its":[18],"electron":[19,33],"density":[20],"information.":[21],"Repeated":[22],"acquisitions":[24],"impose":[25],"radiation":[26],"exposure":[27],"and":[28,35,67,87,90,97,111,116,122,185,223],"logistical":[29],"burdens,":[30],"MRI":[31,52],"lacks":[32],"density,":[34],"cone-beam":[36],"(CBCT)":[38],"correction":[40],"calculation.":[43],"Synthetic":[44],"(sCT)":[46],"generation":[47],"addresses":[48],"these":[49],"by":[50],"converting":[51],"or":[53],"CBCT":[54],"into":[55],"CT-equivalent":[56],"images":[57],"accurate":[59],"Hounsfield":[60],"Unit":[61],"(HU)":[62],"values,":[63],"enabling":[64],"MRI-only":[65],"RT":[66],"CBCT-based":[68],"adaptive":[69],"workflows.":[70],"Building":[71],"on":[72,78],"SynthRAD2023,":[73],"SynthRAD2025":[74,206],"benchmarked":[75],"sCT":[76],"methods":[77],"2,362":[79],"patients":[80],"from":[81,114],"five":[82],"European":[83],"centers":[84],"across":[85],"head":[86],"neck,":[88],"thorax,":[89],"abdomen.":[91],"Two":[92],"tasks:":[93],"MRI-to-CT":[94,221],"(890":[95],"cases)":[96],"CBCT-to-CT":[98],"(1,472":[99],"cases),":[100],"evaluated":[101],"via":[102],"image":[103,171],"similarity":[104],"(MAE,":[105],"PSNR,":[106],"MS-SSIM),":[107],"segmentation":[108],"(Dice,":[109],"HD95),":[110],"dosimetric":[112,177],"metrics":[113],"photon":[115,141,158],"proton":[117,143,160,201],"plans.":[118],"With":[119],"803":[120],"participants":[121],"12/13":[123],"valid":[124],"submissions,":[125],"Task":[126,145],"1":[127],"top":[128],"performance":[129],"reached":[130],"MAE":[131,148],"$64.8\\pm21.3$":[132],"HU,":[133,150],"PSNR":[134,151],"$\\sim$30":[135],"dB,":[136,153],"MS-SSIM":[137,154],"$\\sim$0.936,":[138],"Dice":[139,156],"0.79,":[140],"$\u03b3_{2\\%/2\\text{mm}}&gt;98\\%$,":[142],"$\u03b3\\approx85\\%$.":[144],"2":[146],"improved:":[147],"$48.3\\pm13.4$":[149],"32.6":[152],"0.968,":[155],"0.86,":[157],"$\u03b3&gt;99\\%$,":[159],"$\u03b3\\approx89\\%$.":[161],"Strong":[162],"image--segmentation":[163],"correlations":[164,169],"($\u03c1=0.78$--$0.79$)":[165],"but":[166],"moderate":[167],"confirmed":[170],"quality":[172],"is":[173],"insufficient":[174],"as":[175,227],"a":[176],"surrogate.":[178],"Head-and-neck":[179],"cases":[180,187],"were":[181],"most":[182],"consistent;":[183],"thoracic":[184],"abdominal":[186],"showed":[188],"greater":[189],"variability.":[190],"Residual":[191],"errors":[192],"at":[193],"tissue":[194],"interfaces":[195],"propagate":[196],"along":[197],"beam":[198],"paths,":[199],"affecting":[200],"more":[203],"than":[204],"photon.":[205],"demonstrates":[207],"that":[208],"deep":[209],"learning":[210],"yields":[211],"clinically":[212],"relevant":[213],"sCTs,":[214],"especially":[215],"CBCT-to-CT,":[217],"while":[218],"identifying":[219],"persistent":[220],"challenges":[222],"underscoring":[224],"dose-based":[225],"evaluation":[226],"essential":[228],"clinical":[230],"validation.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-15T00:00:00"}
