{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161029154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.11388","title":"Deep Reasoning in General Purpose Agents via Structured Meta-Cognition","display_name":"Deep Reasoning in General Purpose Agents via Structured Meta-Cognition","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161029154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.11388"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.11388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.11388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.11388","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079549430","display_name":"Dean Light","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Light, Dean","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120688195","display_name":"Michael Theologitis","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theologitis, Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136075158","display_name":"Kshitish Ghate","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghate, Kshitish","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022934996","display_name":"Shuyue Stella Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Shuyue Stella","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136034781","display_name":"Benjamin Newman","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Newman, Benjamin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136044706","display_name":"Chirag Shah","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shah, Chirag","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136021731","display_name":"Aylin Caliskan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caliskan, Aylin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136056142","display_name":"Pang Wei Koh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koh, Pang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136052648","display_name":"Dan Suciu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suciu, Dan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136014625","display_name":"Yulia Tsvetkov","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsvetkov, Yulia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.4189000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.4189000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.18050000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.0746999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.5626000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5206000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/associative-property","display_name":"Associative property","score":0.5041000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.5008000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.4984999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reasoning-system","display_name":"Reasoning system","score":0.4652000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-reasoning","display_name":"Automated reasoning","score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decomposition","display_name":"Decomposition","score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.35679998993873596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7555000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5952000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.5626000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5206000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159423971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177251","display_name":"Associative property","level":2,"score":0.5041000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.5008000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4984999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89288958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7301504","display_name":"Reasoning system","level":2,"score":0.4652000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.4065000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83725634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268699","display_name":"Qualitative reasoning","level":2,"score":0.3506999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159032336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488768","display_name":"Non-monotonic logic","level":2,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193221554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153664","display_name":"Commonsense reasoning","level":2,"score":0.319599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97364631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484284","display_name":"Deductive reasoning","level":2,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985612853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816","display_name":"Analogical reasoning","level":3,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108154423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469792","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.11388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.11388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.11388","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.11388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5228036046028137,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Humans":[0],"intuitively":[1],"solve":[2],"complex":[3,129],"problems":[4],"by":[5,179],"flexibly":[6],"shifting":[7],"among":[8],"reasoning":[9,40,66,134,189],"modes:":[10],"they":[11],"plan,":[12],"execute,":[13],"revise":[14],"intermediate":[15],"goals,":[16],"resolve":[17],"ambiguity":[18],"through":[19,80],"associative":[20,96],"judgment,":[21],"and":[22,100,154,168,195],"apply":[23],"formal":[24,87,98],"procedures":[25],"to":[26,107],"well-specified":[27],"subproblems.":[28],"Current":[29],"LLM":[30],"agents":[31],"lack":[32],"this":[33,120],"flexibility,":[34],"as":[35,92,110,234],"their":[36,49],"scaffolds":[37,45,79,163],"hard-code":[38],"such":[39],"decisions":[41],"in":[42,122,218],"advance.":[43],"These":[44,224],"are":[46],"effective":[47],"when":[48,57],"prescribed":[50],"structure":[51,64,239],"matches":[52],"the":[53,59,63,174,202,215,222,238],"task,":[54],"but":[55],"brittle":[56],"solving":[58],"task":[60,241],"requires":[61,242],"adapting":[62],"of":[65],"itself.":[67],"We":[68,118,136],"introduce":[69],"Deep":[70,83],"Reasoning":[71,84],"--":[72],"an":[73,206],"inference-time":[74],"approach":[75,121],"for":[76],"constructing":[77,237],"task-specific":[78],"structured":[81],"meta-reasoning.":[82],"uses":[85],"a":[86,123],"language":[88],"that":[89,113,127,231],"represents":[90],"meta-reasoning":[91],"executable":[93],"decompositions":[94],"over":[95,173],"inference,":[97],"computation,":[99],"recursive":[101],"subproblem":[102],"solving,":[103],"enabling":[104],"decomposition":[105],"principles":[106],"be":[108],"encoded":[109],"in-context":[111],"examples":[112],"guide":[114],"test-time":[115],"scaffold":[116,177],"construction.":[117],"instantiate":[119],"general-purpose":[124],"agent":[125],"(DOLORES)":[126],"distributes":[128,184],"tasks":[130],"across":[131,143,164,186],"more":[132,219],"controlled":[133],"threads.":[135],"evaluate":[137],"it":[138],"against":[139],"state-of-the-art":[140],"scaffolding":[141,233],"methods":[142],"four":[144],"hard":[145],"benchmarks:":[146],"multi-hop":[147],"reasoning,":[148,236],"long-chain":[149],"question":[150],"answering,":[151],"long-context":[152],"aggregation,":[153],"deep":[155],"research-style":[156],"information":[157],"seeking.":[158],"DOLORES":[159,183],"outperforms":[160],"all":[161,210],"evaluated":[162,176,211],"three":[165],"model":[166,170],"sizes":[167],"two":[169],"families,":[171],"improving":[172],"strongest":[175],"baseline":[178],"24.8%":[180],"on":[181],"average.":[182],"cognition":[185],"structured,":[187],"lower-load":[188],"threads,":[190],"thereby":[191],"reducing":[192],"premature":[193],"termination":[194],"hallucinations.":[196],"This":[197],"advantage":[198],"can":[199],"even":[200],"bridge":[201],"scaling":[203],"gap,":[204],"with":[205],"8B":[207],"version":[208],"surpassing":[209],"32B":[212],"baselines":[213],"from":[214],"same":[216],"family":[217],"than":[220],"half":[221],"settings.":[223],"results":[225],"point":[226],"toward":[227],"future":[228],"agentic":[229],"systems":[230],"treat":[232],"adaptive":[235],"each":[240],"just-in-time.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-14T00:00:00"}