{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161050943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.11246","title":"Support-Proximity Augmented Diffusion Estimation for Offline Black-Box Optimization","display_name":"Support-Proximity Augmented Diffusion Estimation for Offline Black-Box Optimization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161050943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.11246"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.11246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.11246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.11246","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136005323","display_name":"Yonghan Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Yonghan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136017932","display_name":"Ye Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan, Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039756965","display_name":"Zipeng Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Zipeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136017318","display_name":"Linfeng Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Du, Linfeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079956921","display_name":"Bowei He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0360-2950"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He, Bowei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129914570","display_name":"Haolun Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Haolun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136022221","display_name":"Can Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Can","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136076984","display_name":"Xue Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.353300005197525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.353300005197525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.17149999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.15549999475479126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.6456000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extrapolation","display_name":"Extrapolation","score":0.5728999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.45260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.447299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-problem","display_name":"Inverse problem","score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.40070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manifold","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","score":0.36739999055862427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6456000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132459708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744069","display_name":"Extrapolation","level":2,"score":0.5728999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5372999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.49239999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.45260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.447299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43549999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135252773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567213","display_name":"Inverse problem","level":2,"score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.40070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529865628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790740","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","level":2,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.351500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189508267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17088227","display_name":"Density estimation","level":3,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17002908","display_name":"Bayesian optimization","level":2,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207201462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182505","display_name":"Bayes' theorem","level":3,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164752517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570875","display_name":"Global optimization","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131675550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7646884","display_name":"Surrogate model","level":2,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137105694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3407510","display_name":"Local consistency","level":4,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32230216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7882499","display_name":"Uncertainty quantification","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27753989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284885","display_name":"Superposition principle","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.11246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.11246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.11246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.11246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Offline":[0],"black-box":[1],"optimization":[2,169],"aims":[3],"to":[4,43,54,98,146],"discover":[5],"novel":[6,69],"designs":[7],"with":[8,36,94,151],"high":[9],"property":[10],"scores":[11,42],"using":[12,89],"only":[13],"a":[14,17,68,90,104,121,148,152],"static":[15],"dataset,":[16],"task":[18],"fundamentally":[19],"challenged":[20],"by":[21],"the":[22,37,51,77,85,128],"out-of-distribution":[23],"(OOD)":[24],"extrapolation":[25],"problem.":[26],"Existing":[27],"approaches":[28],"typically":[29],"bifurcate":[30],"into":[31],"inverse":[32],"methods,":[33,47],"which":[34,48],"struggle":[35],"ill-posed":[38],"nature":[39],"of":[40,79],"mapping":[41],"designs,":[44],"and":[45,116,119,164],"forward":[46,73,86],"often":[49],"lack":[50],"distributional":[52],"expressivity":[53],"quantify":[55],"uncertainty":[56],"effectively.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"work,":[60],"we":[61,138],"propose":[62],"SPADE":[63,83,157],"(Support-Proximity":[64],"Augmented":[65],"Diffusion":[66,106],"Estimation),":[67],"framework":[70],"that":[71,109,125,140],"reimagines":[72],"surrogate":[74],"modeling":[75],"through":[76],"lens":[78],"conditional":[80],"generative":[81],"modeling.":[82],"models":[84],"likelihood":[87],"p(y|x)":[88],"diffusion":[91],"model,":[92],"but":[93],"two":[95],"critical":[96],"enhancements":[97],"tailor":[99],"it":[100],"for":[101],"optimization:":[102],"(1)":[103],"Calibrated":[105],"Estimation":[107],"module":[108],"enforces":[110],"global":[111],"consistency":[112],"in":[113],"statistical":[114],"moments":[115],"pairwise":[117],"rankings,":[118],"(2)":[120],"Support-Proximity":[122],"Regularization":[123],"mechanism":[124],"implicitly":[126],"internalizes":[127],"data":[129,167],"manifold":[130],"constraint":[131],"p(x)":[132],"via":[133],"kNN-based":[134],"density":[135],"estimation.":[136],"Theoretically,":[137],"prove":[139],"our":[141],"regularization":[142],"is":[143],"first-order":[144],"equivalent":[145],"maximizing":[147],"Bayesian":[149],"posterior":[150],"valid":[153],"design":[154],"prior.":[155],"Empirically,":[156],"achieves":[158],"state-of-the-art":[159],"performance":[160],"across":[161],"Design-Bench":[162],"tasks":[163],"an":[165],"LLM":[166],"mixture":[168],"benchmark.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-05-14T00:00:00"}
