{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160895307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10938","title":"ELF: Embedded Language Flows","display_name":"ELF: Embedded Language Flows","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160895307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10938"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.10938","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10938","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049228379","display_name":"Keya Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu, Keya","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003617960","display_name":"Linlu Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1696-5419"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiu, Linlu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135992244","display_name":"Yiyang Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu, Yiyang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101987115","display_name":"Hanyu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8436-6397"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao, Hanhong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135987512","display_name":"Tianhong Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Tianhong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135941913","display_name":"Yoon Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim, Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135982398","display_name":"Jacob Andreas","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas, Jacob","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100700361","display_name":"Kaiming He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7318-9658"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He, Kaiming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.16060000658035278,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.16060000658035278,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.1468999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.1071000024676323,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.7827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-flow","display_name":"Continuous flow","score":0.6417999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion","display_name":"Diffusion","score":0.5810999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-space","display_name":"Discrete space","score":0.5076000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-modelling","display_name":"Continuous modelling","score":0.4794999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4512999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-time-and-continuous-time","display_name":"Discrete time and continuous time","score":0.424699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.4189000129699707}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.7827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6754000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985264121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216320","display_name":"Continuous flow","level":2,"score":0.6417999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.5810999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153782549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175116","display_name":"Discrete space","level":2,"score":0.5076000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10184394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165491","display_name":"Continuous modelling","level":2,"score":0.4794999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4512999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55689738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15963867","display_name":"Discrete time and continuous time","level":2,"score":0.424699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.41510000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3935999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.3865000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37869998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3776000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130187892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133327","display_name":"Spacetime","level":2,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992317946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q712144","display_name":"De facto","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179603123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941921","display_name":"Modeling language","level":3,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.10938","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.10938","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diffusion":[0],"and":[1,20,139],"flow-based":[2],"models":[3,42,78],"have":[4],"become":[5],"the":[6,65,95,100],"de":[7],"facto":[8],"approaches":[9],"for":[10],"generating":[11],"continuous":[12,55,80,96,140,161],"data,":[13],"e.g.,":[14,127],"in":[15,28,79],"domains":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18],"images":[19],"videos.":[21],"Their":[22],"success":[23],"has":[24],"attracted":[25],"growing":[26],"interest":[27],"applying":[29],"them":[30],"to":[31,64,107,119],"language":[32,41],"modeling.":[33],"Unlike":[34,88],"their":[35],"image-domain":[36,124],"counterparts,":[37],"today's":[38],"leading":[39,137],"diffusion":[40,77,125],"(DLMs)":[43],"primarily":[44],"operate":[45],"over":[46],"discrete":[47,66,108,138],"tokens.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"paper,":[51],"we":[52],"show":[53,132],"that":[54,133,153],"DLMs":[56],"can":[57],"be":[58],"made":[59],"effective":[60,160],"with":[61,146],"minimal":[62],"adaptation":[63],"domain.":[67],"We":[68],"propose":[69],"Embedded":[70],"Language":[71],"Flows":[72],"(ELF),":[73],"a":[74,111,156],"class":[75],"of":[76],"embedding":[81,97],"space":[82,98],"based":[83],"on":[84],"continuous-time":[85],"Flow":[86],"Matching.":[87],"existing":[89],"DLMs,":[90,141],"ELF":[91,134,154],"predominantly":[92],"stays":[93],"within":[94],"until":[99],"final":[101],"time":[102],"step,":[103],"where":[104],"it":[105,117],"maps":[106],"tokens":[109],"using":[110],"shared-weight":[112],"network.":[113],"This":[114],"formulation":[115],"makes":[116],"straightforward":[118],"adapt":[120],"established":[121],"techniques":[122],"from":[123],"models,":[126],"classifier-free":[128],"guidance":[129],"(CFG).":[130],"Experiments":[131],"substantially":[135],"outperforms":[136],"achieving":[142],"better":[143],"generation":[144],"quality":[145],"fewer":[147],"sampling":[148],"steps.":[149],"These":[150],"results":[151],"suggest":[152],"offers":[155],"promising":[157],"path":[158],"toward":[159],"DLMs.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-05-13T00:00:00"}
