{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160900597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10888","title":"Shields to Guarantee Probabilistic Safety in MDPs","display_name":"Shields to Guarantee Probabilistic Safety in MDPs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160900597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10888"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.10888","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10888","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135942187","display_name":"Linus Heck","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heck, Linus","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092031898","display_name":"Filip Mac\u00e1k","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4277-2751"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mac\u00e1k, Filip","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047861254","display_name":"Roman Andriushchenko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-934X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andriushchenko, Roman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001379903","display_name":"Milan \u010ce\u0161ka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0300-9727"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u010ce\u0161ka, Milan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018941708","display_name":"Sebastian Junges","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0978-8466"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junges, Sebastian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.6172000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.6172000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.07569999992847443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.05429999902844429,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shields","display_name":"Shields","score":0.8615000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.8095999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-shielding","display_name":"Electromagnetic shielding","score":0.698199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impossibility","display_name":"Impossibility","score":0.656499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3824000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-safety","display_name":"System safety","score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shield","display_name":"Shield","score":0.35120001435279846}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109589588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2253638","display_name":"Shields","level":3,"score":0.8615000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.8095999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2265751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332007","display_name":"Electromagnetic shielding","level":2,"score":0.698199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776261394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315562","display_name":"Impossibility","level":2,"score":0.656499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6047999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4088999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3824000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132835097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663745","display_name":"System safety","level":2,"score":0.3813000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138081364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852013","display_name":"Shield","level":2,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776179734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7398668","display_name":"Safety standards","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908738153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428384","display_name":"Face shield","level":3,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60782215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3333679","display_name":"Probabilistic method","level":3,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136815107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154242","display_name":"Nothing","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.10888","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.10888","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.44347527623176575}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Shielding":[0],"is":[1,41],"a":[2,58],"prominent":[3],"model-based":[4],"technique":[5],"to":[6,15,43,51,66],"ensure":[7,16],"safety":[8,28,83,103],"of":[9,77,112],"autonomous":[10],"agents.":[11],"Classical":[12],"shielding":[13,33],"aims":[14],"that":[17,61],"nothing":[18],"bad":[19,40],"ever":[20],"happens":[21],"and":[22,29,84,93,97],"comes":[23],"with":[24,45,90],"strong":[25,80,102],"guarantees":[26,81],"about":[27],"maximal":[30],"permissiveness.":[31],"However,":[32],"systems":[34],"for":[35],"probabilistic":[36,67],"safety,":[37],"where":[38],"something":[39],"allowed":[42],"happen":[44],"an":[46],"acceptable":[47],"probability,":[48],"has":[49],"proven":[50],"be":[52],"more":[53],"intricate.":[54],"This":[55],"paper":[56],"presents":[57],"formal":[59],"framework":[60],"conservatively":[62],"extends":[63],"classical":[64],"shields":[65,89],"safety.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70],"framework,":[71],"we":[72],"(i)":[73],"demonstrate":[74],"the":[75,79,109,113],"impossibility":[76],"preserving":[78],"on":[82],"permissiveness,":[85],"(ii)":[86],"provide":[87],"natural":[88],"weaker":[91],"guarantees,":[92],"(iii)":[94],"introduce":[95],"offline":[96],"online":[98],"shield":[99],"constructions":[100],"ensuring":[101],"guarantees.":[104],"The":[105],"empirical":[106],"evaluation":[107],"highlights":[108],"practical":[110],"advantages":[111],"new":[114],"shields,":[115],"as":[116,118],"well":[117],"their":[119],"computational":[120],"feasibility.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-13T00:00:00"}
