{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160904488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10199","title":"How Should LLMs Listen While Speaking? A Study of User-Stream Routing in Full-Duplex Spoken Dialogue","display_name":"How Should LLMs Listen While Speaking? A Study of User-Stream Routing in Full-Duplex Spoken Dialogue","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160904488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10199"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.10199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10199","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135963305","display_name":"Hui Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu, Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135984377","display_name":"Xueyuan Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Xueyuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101400892","display_name":"Huimeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2245-492X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Huimeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135991724","display_name":"Shuhai Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng, Shuhai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083463839","display_name":"Shiyin Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8304-5260"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang, Shiyin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135915191","display_name":"Xixin Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Xixin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135995064","display_name":"Zhiyong Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Zhiyong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.42820000648498535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.42820000648498535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.3862000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.030300000682473183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoken-language","display_name":"Spoken language","score":0.6728000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6306999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5737000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.4406000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-listening","display_name":"Active listening","score":0.43130001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-ground","display_name":"Common ground","score":0.427700012922287}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776230583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322198","display_name":"Spoken language","level":2,"score":0.6728000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6306999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5737000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4406000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177291462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423038","display_name":"Active listening","level":2,"score":0.43130001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777877512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1116097","display_name":"Common ground","level":2,"score":0.427700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.38019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183322885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007702","display_name":"Context model","level":3,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71611378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165191","display_name":"Contextual design","level":3,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778484313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172540","display_name":"Data stream","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59656382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191536","display_name":"Conjunction (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.10199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.10199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8070873618125916,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Full-duplex":[0],"spoken":[1,13,76,120,214],"dialogue":[2,77,215],"requires":[3],"a":[4,28,56,69,73,85,128,208,231],"model":[5,160],"to":[6,26,155,162,177,198],"keep":[7],"listening":[8],"while":[9],"generating":[10],"its":[11],"own":[12],"response.":[14],"This":[15],"is":[16,49,54,152,195],"challenging":[17],"for":[18,60,234],"large":[19],"language":[20],"models":[21],"(LLMs),":[22],"which":[23,92,106],"are":[24],"designed":[25],"extend":[27,68],"single":[29],"coherent":[30],"sequence":[31],"and":[32,79,102,123,137,175,194,216,226],"do":[33],"not":[34],"naturally":[35],"support":[36],"user":[37,47,95,109,149,168],"input":[38],"arriving":[39],"during":[40],"generation.":[41],"We":[42,229],"argue":[43],"that":[44],"how":[45],"the":[46,52,94,99,108,159,166,190,221],"stream":[48,96,110,169],"routed":[50],"into":[51,72,98],"LLM":[53,71,100,191],"therefore":[55],"key":[57],"architectural":[58],"question":[59,121,185],"full-duplex":[61,75,124,213],"modeling.":[62],"To":[63],"study":[64],"this":[65,199],"question,":[66],"we":[67],"text-only":[70],"unified":[74],"system":[78],"compare":[80],"two":[81],"routing":[82,182,206],"strategies":[83],"under":[84,143],"shared":[86],"training":[87],"pipeline:":[88],"(i)":[89],"channel":[90],"fusion,":[91],"injects":[93],"directly":[97],"input,":[101],"(ii)":[103],"cross-attention":[104,116],"routing,":[105],"keeps":[107],"as":[111,148,207],"external":[112],"memory":[113],"accessed":[114],"through":[115],"adapters.":[117],"Experiments":[118],"on":[119,184,220],"answering":[122],"interaction":[125],"benchmarks":[126],"reveal":[127],"clear":[129],"tradeoff.":[130],"Channel":[131],"fusion":[132],"yields":[133],"stronger":[134],"semantic":[135,224],"grounding":[136],"consistently":[138],"better":[139,188],"question-answering":[140],"performance.":[141],"However,":[142],"semantically":[144,178],"overlapping":[145,167],"conditions":[146],"such":[147],"interruptions,":[150],"it":[151],"more":[153,196],"vulnerable":[154],"context":[156,193,227],"corruption:":[157],"if":[158],"fails":[161],"stop":[163],"in":[164,212],"time,":[165],"can":[170],"interfere":[171],"with":[172],"ongoing":[173],"generation":[174,192],"lead":[176],"incoherent":[179],"continuations.":[180],"Cross-attention":[181],"underperforms":[183],"answering,":[186],"but":[187],"preserves":[189],"robust":[197],"failure":[200],"mode.":[201],"These":[202],"results":[203],"establish":[204],"user-stream":[205],"central":[209],"design":[210],"axis":[211],"offer":[217],"practical":[218],"guidance":[219],"tradeoff":[222],"between":[223],"integration":[225],"robustness.":[228],"provide":[230],"demo":[232],"page":[233],"qualitative":[235],"inspection.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-05-13T00:00:00"}