{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160930068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10057","title":"STAR: Failure-Aware Markovian Routing for Multi-Agent Spatiotemporal Reasoning","display_name":"STAR: Failure-Aware Markovian Routing for Multi-Agent Spatiotemporal Reasoning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160930068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10057"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.10057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10057","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135999771","display_name":"Ruiyi Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Ruiyi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013214103","display_name":"Lihuan Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Lihuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135993649","display_name":"Hao Xue","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue, Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090893421","display_name":"Flora D. Salim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1237-1664"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salim, Flora D.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.5299999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.5299999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.07609999924898148,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.04659999907016754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.6808000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5490999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/router","display_name":"Router","score":0.44359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-routing","display_name":"Static routing","score":0.4293000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/border-gateway-protocol","display_name":"Border Gateway Protocol","score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/star","display_name":"Star (game theory)","score":0.40130001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multihoming","display_name":"Multihoming","score":0.36910000443458557}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8194000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.6808000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6171000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5490999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4487000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775896111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q642560","display_name":"Router","level":2,"score":0.44359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.4293000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178086212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11155","display_name":"Border Gateway Protocol","level":5,"score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780897414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600592","display_name":"Star (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.40130001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65714651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662626","display_name":"Multihoming","level":4,"score":0.36910000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184896649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290066","display_name":"Routing table","level":4,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24856439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352483","display_name":"Adaptive routing","level":5,"score":0.326200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778536092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785038","display_name":"Arc routing","level":3,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778308757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23601418","display_name":"Blackboard (design pattern)","level":2,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49555168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176583","display_name":"Stochastic matrix","level":3,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196423136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7209671","display_name":"Policy-based routing","level":5,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7573999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207580","display_name":"Routing Information Protocol","level":5,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128917274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666535","display_name":"Path vector protocol","level":5,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.10057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.10057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.10057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8014518618583679,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Compositional":[0],"spatiotemporal":[1,199],"reasoning":[2],"often":[3],"requires":[4],"a":[5,26,79,88,149,156,165,241],"system":[6,27],"to":[7,66,70,136,164],"invoke":[8],"multiple":[9,208],"heterogeneous":[10],"specialists,":[11],"such":[12,25],"as":[13,87],"geometric,":[14],"temporal,":[15],"topological,":[16],"and":[17,48,68,98,141,160,201,226],"trajectory":[18],"agents.":[19],"A":[20],"central":[21],"question":[22],"is":[23,240],"how":[24],"should":[28],"route":[29],"among":[30],"specialists":[31],"when":[32],"execution":[33,100,121,217],"does":[34],"not":[35],"simply":[36],"succeed":[37],"or":[38],"fail,":[39],"but":[40],"fails":[41],"in":[42,58],"qualitatively":[43],"different":[44],"ways.":[45],"Existing":[46],"tool-augmented":[47],"multi-agent":[49],"LLM":[50],"systems":[51],"typically":[52],"leave":[53],"this":[54],"routing":[55,81,109,184,222],"decision":[56],"implicit":[57],"language":[59],"generation,":[60],"making":[61],"recovery":[62,117,190,227],"ad":[63],"hoc,":[64],"difficult":[65],"interpret,":[67],"hard":[69],"optimize.":[71],"This":[72],"paper":[73],"presents":[74],"STAR":[75,205],"(Spatio-Temporal":[76],"Agent":[77],"Router),":[78],"failure-aware":[80,233],"framework":[82],"that":[83,111,173,192,231],"externalizes":[84],"inter-agent":[85],"control":[86],"state-conditioned":[89],"transition":[90],"policy":[91,185],"over":[92,207],"the":[93,103,124,131,180,183,211,220],"current":[94],"agent,":[95],"task":[96],"type,":[97],"typed":[99,232],"status.":[101],"At":[102],"center":[104],"of":[105,182],"STARis":[106],"an":[107],"agent":[108],"matrix":[110,125],"combines":[112],"expert-specified":[113],"nominal":[114,221],"routes":[115],"with":[116,210],"transitions":[118,191],"learned":[119],"from":[120,219],"traces.":[122],"Because":[123],"conditions":[126],"on":[127,186,214],"distinct":[128],"failure":[129],"states,":[130,188],"router":[132],"can":[133],"respond":[134],"differently":[135],"malformed":[137],"outputs,":[138],"missing":[139],"dependencies,":[140],"tool--query":[142],"mismatches,":[143],"rather":[144,235],"than":[145,236],"collapsing":[146],"them":[147],"into":[148],"generic":[150],"retry":[151],"signal.":[152],"Specialists":[153],"execute":[154],"through":[155],"tool-grounded":[157],"extract--compute--deposit":[158],"protocol":[159],"write":[161],"intermediate":[162],"results":[163],"shared":[166],"blackboard":[167],"for":[168,244],"downstream":[169],"fusion.":[170],"Results":[171],"prove":[172],"retaining":[174],"unsuccessful":[175],"traces":[176],"during":[177],"training":[178,194],"enlarges":[179],"support":[181],"error":[187],"enabling":[189],"success-only":[193],"cannot":[195],"represent.":[196],"Across":[197],"three":[198],"benchmarks":[200],"eight":[202],"backbone":[203],"LLMs,":[204],"improves":[206],"baselines":[209],"clearest":[212],"gains":[213],"queries":[215],"whose":[216],"deviates":[218],"path.":[223],"Router-specific":[224],"ablations":[225],"analyses":[228],"further":[229],"show":[230],"routing,":[234],"specialist":[237],"composition":[238],"alone,":[239],"key":[242],"factor":[243],"these":[245],"improvements.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-05-13T00:00:00"}
