{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160965983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.09768","title":"SAGE: Scalable Agentic Grounded Evaluation for Crop Disease Diagnosis","display_name":"SAGE: Scalable Agentic Grounded Evaluation for Crop Disease Diagnosis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160965983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.09768"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.lib.iastate.edu:20.500.12876/106340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/handle/20.500.12876/106340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196104","display_name":"Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","host_organization_name":"Iowa State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.09768","raw_type":"preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/handle/20.500.12876/106340","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082222384","display_name":"Muhammad Arshad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1574-7097"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arshad, Muhammad Arbab","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114201231","display_name":"Tirtho Roy","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roy, Tirtho","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044190434","display_name":"Yanben Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2847-3198"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shen, Yanben","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083281789","display_name":"Dinakaran Elango","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-486X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elango, Dinakaran","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058065751","display_name":"Shivani Chiranjeevi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiranjeevi, Shivani","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135918830","display_name":"Asheesh K. Singh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Singh, Asheesh K.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135938567","display_name":"Baskar Ganapathysubramanian","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ganapathysubramanian, Baskar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066142047","display_name":"Chinmay Hegde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4574-8066"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hegde, Chinmay","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135945318","display_name":"Arti Singh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Singh, Arti","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135923198","display_name":"Soumik Sarkar","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarkar, Soumik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9401999711990356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9401999711990356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6176000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-disease","display_name":"Plant disease","score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5428000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.5224000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5131000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4320000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6226000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6176000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5687000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019235130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188956","display_name":"Plant disease","level":2,"score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5428000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5224000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5131000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.43149998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777508537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936620","display_name":"Visual reasoning","level":2,"score":0.36559998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776480101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3555250","display_name":"Disease surveillance","level":3,"score":0.2574000060558319}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.lib.iastate.edu:20.500.12876/106340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/handle/20.500.12876/106340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196104","display_name":"Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","host_organization_name":"Iowa State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.09768","raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.09768","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.09768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.lib.iastate.edu:20.500.12876/106340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/handle/20.500.12876/106340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196104","display_name":"Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","host_organization_name":"Iowa State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.09768","raw_type":"preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6523573994636536,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Plant":[0],"disease":[1,24,59,79,88,99],"diagnosis":[2],"is":[3,113],"critical":[4],"for":[5,34],"food":[6],"security,":[7],"yet":[8],"training":[9],"disease-recognition":[10],"models":[11,45],"that":[12,141],"generalize":[13],"across":[14,129,181],"crops,":[15,86],"pathogens,":[16],"and":[17,30,90,125,155,194,221],"field":[18],"conditions":[19],"remains":[20],"challenging":[21],"because":[22],"labeled":[23],"images":[25,193],"are":[26,223],"far":[27],"less":[28],"abundant":[29],"standardized":[31],"than":[32],"data":[33],"other":[35],"biotic":[36],"stresses":[37],"such":[38],"as":[39],"insects":[40],"or":[41],"weeds.":[42],"Frontier":[43],"vision-language":[44],"offer":[46],"new":[47,202],"opportunities":[48],"through":[49],"improved":[50],"visual":[51,138],"reasoning,":[52],"but":[53],"they":[54],"still":[55],"struggle":[56],"with":[57,178],"fine-grained":[58],"identification":[60],"due":[61],"to":[62,82,95,115,201],"the":[63,76,174,187,207],"lack":[64],"of":[65],"structured,":[66],"crop-specific":[67,191],"symptom":[68,107,149,163,195],"knowledge.":[69],"To":[70],"address":[71],"this":[72],"gap,":[73],"we":[74,134],"curate":[75],"largest":[77],"plant":[78],"image--symptom":[80],"dataset":[81],"date,":[83],"covering":[84],"335":[85],"1{,}251":[87],"classes,":[89],"approximately":[91],"839K":[92],"images,":[93,154],"designed":[94],"support":[96],"training-free,":[97],"agentic":[98,208],"prediction.":[100],"A":[101],"scalable":[102],"automated":[103],"pipeline":[104],"generates":[105],"source-grounded":[106],"descriptions":[108],"in":[109,216],"which":[110],"each":[111],"claim":[112],"linked":[114],"a":[116,132,157],"verbatim":[117],"web":[118],"quote;":[119],"domain":[120],"experts":[121],"validate":[122],"sampled":[123],"crops":[124,203],"reconcile":[126],"disease-name":[127],"variants":[128],"sources.":[130],"As":[131],"baseline,":[133],"introduce":[135],"an":[136],"autonomous":[137],"reasoning":[139,160],"agent":[140],"identifies":[142],"anatomical":[143],"context,":[144],"narrows":[145],"candidate":[146],"diseases":[147],"using":[148],"knowledge,":[150,196],"sequentially":[151],"compares":[152],"reference":[153,176,192],"produces":[156],"fully":[158],"explainable":[159],"trace.":[161],"Incorporating":[162],"knowledge":[164],"improves":[165],"accuracy":[166],"by":[167],"16.2":[168],"percentage":[169],"points":[170],"on":[171],"average":[172],"at":[173],"full":[175],"budget,":[177],"consistent":[179],"gains":[180],"all":[182],"four":[183],"evaluation":[184],"crops.":[185],"Because":[186],"framework":[188],"only":[189],"requires":[190],"it":[197],"can":[198,210],"be":[199],"extended":[200],"without":[204],"retraining,":[205],"while":[206],"baseline":[209],"directly":[211],"benefit":[212],"from":[213],"future":[214],"improvements":[215],"foundation":[217],"model":[218],"capabilities.":[219],"Dataset":[220],"code":[222],"available":[224],"at:https://sage-dataset.github.io/.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-13T00:00:00"}
