{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160927402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.09218","title":"Flame3D: Zero-shot Compositional Reasoning of 3D Scenes with Agentic Language Models","display_name":"Flame3D: Zero-shot Compositional Reasoning of 3D Scenes with Agentic Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160927402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.09218"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.09218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.09218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.09218","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135971842","display_name":"Sagar Bharadwaj","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bharadwaj, Sagar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130396556","display_name":"Ziyong Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma, Ziyong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088582244","display_name":"Anurag Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1617-0851"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghosh, Anurag","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088871947","display_name":"Srinivasan Seshan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9508-2066"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seshan, Srinivasan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135918193","display_name":"Anthony Rowe","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rowe, Anthony","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.7613999843597412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.7613999843597412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.03819999843835831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.021800000220537186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.7116000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6327999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-intelligence","display_name":"Spatial intelligence","score":0.5694000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5665000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-reasoning","display_name":"Visual reasoning","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.42260000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.7116000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6327999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5986999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155911833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3817354","display_name":"Spatial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.5694000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5665000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777508537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936620","display_name":"Visual reasoning","level":2,"score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.43149998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89288958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7301504","display_name":"Reasoning system","level":2,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12186640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815743","display_name":"Memory model","level":3,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73752529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79872","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.09218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.09218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2605.09218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2605.09218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"3D":[0,28,77,144,189],"scene":[1,190,195],"understanding":[2,29,191],"spans":[3],"reasoning":[4,104,145],"about":[5],"free":[6],"space,":[7,108],"object":[8,11,40],"grounding,":[9],"hypothetical":[10],"insertions,":[12],"complex":[13],"geometric":[14],"relationships,":[15],"and":[16,24,42,79,109,119,166,197],"integrating":[17],"all":[18],"of":[19,147],"these":[20],"with":[21],"external":[22],"tools":[23,163],"data":[25,118],"sources.":[26],"Existing":[27],"methods":[30,138],"typically":[31],"rely":[32],"on":[33,39,139,152,193],"large-scale":[34],"3D-language":[35,54],"training":[36,55],"or":[37],"focus":[38,192],"grounding":[41],"simple":[43],"spatial":[44,88,97,173],"relationships.":[45],"We":[46,65,159],"argue":[47],"that":[48,52,71,161,167],"the":[49,93,115,125,168,183],"broad":[50],"generalization":[51],"motivates":[53],"can":[56,121],"be":[57,122],"achieved":[58],"at":[59,99,175],"inference":[60,100,176],"time,":[61,101],"without":[62,127],"3D-specific":[63],"training.":[64],"propose":[66],"Flame3D,":[67],"a":[68,153],"training-free":[69],"framework":[70],"represents":[72],"scenes":[73],"as":[74],"editable":[75],"visual-textual":[76],"memories":[78,196],"exposes":[80],"them":[81],"to":[82,124,131,135,171],"an":[83],"off-the-shelf":[84],"MLLM":[85],"through":[86],"composable":[87],"tools.":[89],"Flame3D":[90,148],"also":[91],"lets":[92],"agent":[94],"synthesize":[95,172],"custom":[96],"programs":[98],"enabling":[102],"open-ended":[103],"over":[105],"layouts,":[106],"empty":[107],"objects":[110],"not":[111],"yet":[112],"present":[113],"in":[114,188],"scene.":[116],"External":[117],"corrections":[120],"added":[123],"memory":[126],"retraining.":[128],"In":[129],"addition":[130],"showing":[132],"competitive":[133],"performance":[134],"finetuned":[136],"3D-LMM":[137],"ScanQA,":[140],"we":[141],"study":[142],"multi-hop":[143],"capabilities":[146],"by":[149],"evaluating":[150],"it":[151],"curated":[154],"compositional":[155,199],"spatial-reasoning":[156],"benchmark,":[157],"Compose3D.":[158],"find":[160],"fixed":[162],"fall":[164],"short":[165],"agent's":[169],"ability":[170],"operations":[174],"time":[177],"is":[178],"essential.":[179],"These":[180],"results":[181],"invite":[182],"question:":[184],"should":[185],"future":[186],"progress":[187],"richer":[194],"expressive":[198],"abstractions?":[200]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-05-13T00:00:00"}